terms and abbreviations

Question 1

LMP

Answer 1

last menstrual period

Question 2

CD

Answer 2

conception date

Question 3

EDD

Answer 3

estimated date of delivery

Question 4

EDC

Answer 4

estimated date of confinement

Question 5

EDB

Answer 5

estimated date of birth

Question 6

1st trimester

Answer 6

1-13 wks

Question 7

2nd trimester

Answer 7

14-26 wks

Question 8

3rd trimester

Answer 8

27-40 wks

Question 9

Nagele’s Rule

Answer 9

LMP – 3 mo + 1 yr + 7 days = EDD

Question 10

gravida

Answer 10

number of pregnancies

Question 11

gravid

Answer 11

pregnant

Question 12

para

Answer 12

of pregnancies reaching 20 wks GA, regardless of fetus count

Question 13

GA

Answer 13

gestational age

Question 14

term

Answer 14

delivery at 38-42 wks

Question 15

preterm

Answer 15

delivery before completion of 37 wks

Question 16

post-term or postdate

Answer 16

> 42 wks GA

Question 17

Ab

Answer 17

abortion

Question 18

abortion

Answer 18

termination of pregnancy < 20 wks

Question 19

ETOP

Answer 19

elective termination of pregnancy

Question 20

SAB

Answer 20

spontaneous abortion

Question 21

TAB

Answer 21

therapeutic abortion

Question 22

living

Answer 22

of living children

Question 23

GTPAL

Answer 23

• gravida = # of pregnancies
• term = births after 38 wks
• preterm = births before completion of 37 wks
• abortion = SAB, TAB, or EAB before 20 wks
• living = # of living children

Question 24

EAB

Answer 24

elective abortion

Question 25

presumptive sx of pregnancy

Answer 25

• subj and obj sx from pt (least reliable)
• subj
  
  • amenorrhea
  • N&V
  • fatigue
  • urinary frequency
  • breast tenderness
  • quickening
• obj
  
  • breast enlargement
  • skin changes
  • abd enlargement

Question 26

probable sx of pregnancy

Answer 26

• obj to examiner
  
  • uterine enlargement
  • cervical changes
  • Braxton-Hicks ctx
  • ballottement
  • positive hCG

Question 27

positive sx of pregnancy

Answer 27

• confirmation of pregnancy
  
  • fetal heart tones: Doppler @ 10-12 wks
  • fetal movement felt by examiner
  • visualization
    
    • abd US @ 5-6 wks
    • vag US @ 16 days

Question 28

pregnancy risk category A

Answer 28

Controlled studies show no risk. The possibility of fetal harm appears remote.

Question 29

pregnancy risk category B

Answer 29

• No evidence of human risk in controlled studies.
  
  • animal-reproduction studies did not show fetal risk, but no controlled studies in pregnant women
    OR
  • animal-reproduction studies show AE (other than ↓ fertility) not confirmed in controlled studies in 1st trimester women, and no evidence of risk in other trimesters

Question 30

pregnancy risk category C

Answer 30

• Risk cannot be ruled out. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefits justify the potential risk to the fetus.
  
  • studies in animals revealed AE on fetus (teratogenic, embryocidal, or other) and no controlled studies in women
    OR
  • studies in women and animals are not available

Question 31

pregnancy risk category D

Answer 31

• Positive evidence of risk. There is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk
  
  • e.g., if the drug is needed in a life-threatening situation or for a serious dz where safer drugs can’t be used or are ineffective

Question 32

pregnancy risk category X

Answer 32

• Contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. Negative hCG and/or contraceptive may be required.
  
  • studies in animals or humans showed fetal abnormalities or there’s evidence of fetal risk based on human experience, or both
    AND
  • risk of use in pregnant women clearly outweighs benefit

Question 33

hCG

Answer 33

human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 34

corpus luteum

Answer 34

mass of cells that forms in an ovary and is responsible for the production of the hormone progesterone during early pregnancy

Question 35

oxytocin

Answer 35

• source: posterior pituitary
• effect
  
  • stimulates uterine ctx
  • milk ejection reflex (let down)
• Pitocin: trade name for synthetic oxytocin

Question 36

relaxin

Answer 36

• source: ovary and placenta
• effect
  
  • softens muscles and joints of pelvis
  • inhibits uterine activity

Question 37

prolactin

Answer 37

• source: anterior pituitary
• effect: primary hormone of milk production

Question 38

thyroxin (T₄)

Answer 38

• source: thyroid (↑ size)
• effects
  
  • stim BMR slightly (initial)
  • ↑ @ 6-9 wks
  • plateau @ 18 wks
  • usually normal after 1st trimester
• woman with existing thyroid disorder should see endocrinologist early in pregnancy

Question 39

Hegar’s sign

Answer 39

softening of lower uterine segment @ 6-8 wks

Question 40

Goodell’s sign

Answer 40

softening of cervix r/t congestion of blood @ 6 wks

Question 41

Chadwick’s sign

Answer 41

bluish color of cervix r/t ↑ vascularity @ 8-12 wks

Question 42

mucus plug

Answer 42

• operculum
• protects baby from bacteria, acts as barrier

Question 43

leukorrhea

Answer 43

• r/t ↑ glycogen levels
• change in vaginal acidity to protect against infection
• ↑ lactic acid production (more vulnerable to yeast)
• vaginal discharge: should be clear to white, thin or thick, odorless or faintly musty
• may be profuse
• ↑ sensitivity → ↑ sexual arousal (2nd trimester)

Question 44

striae gravidarum

Answer 44

stretch marks

Question 45

PIH

Answer 45

pregnancy-induced HTN

Question 46

LGA

Answer 46

• large for gestational age
• wt > 90th percentile

Question 47

SGA

Answer 47

• small for gestational age
• wt < 10th percentile

Question 48

AGA

Answer 48

• appropriate for gestational age
• 10th percentile ≤ wt ≤ 90th percentile

Question 49

LBW

Answer 49

• low birth weight
• wt ≤ 2,500 g at birth

Question 50

IUGR

Answer 50

• intrauterine growth restriction
• growth rate does not meet expected norms

Question 51

GDM

Answer 51

gestational diabetes

Question 52

C/S

Answer 52

caesarean section

Question 53

dystocia

Answer 53

difficult birth

Question 54

AEB

Answer 54

as evidenced by