Terms Flashcards
1
Q
anti-essentialism
A
- involves the rejection of a scientific question for universal essences, such as the discovery of a universal psychological makeup, or generally applicable sex difference, in preference for a view that human ‘nature’ is a social construction
2
Q
divine orthodoxy
A
- stresses that research participants’ knowledge is inherently unreliable or imperfect and that a researcher can always spot and see through these issues and take them itoa count when designing research
3
Q
scholar
A
- asserts that the researcher should appeal to his or her own conscience alone when judging the value of his or her academic work, rather than being tied or influenced by any public debate or social policy
4
Q
social problems
A
- the partisan perspective seeks to ensure that research outputs promote a particular policy view or side of a debate
5
Q
social problems
A
- the partisan perspective seeks to ensure that research outputs promote a particular policy view or side of a debate
6
Q
confidentiality
A
- promises made to research participants about who will be told about what participants reveal to the researcher about themselves or their experiences. This will sometimes involve a guarantee of anonymity in any report of the research
7
Q
covert research
A
- research that involves the deliberate intention not to inform those under study of their participation in research, either prior or during the research
8
Q
epistemic responsibility
A
- an argument elaborated by Doucet and Mauthner (2002) that researchers take note of ethical issues related to the knowledge gained from data analysis, and engage with social, institutional and political contexts, as well as intellectual frameworks to do so
9
Q
ethical principles
A
- four fundamental principles of medical ethics, set out by Beauchamp (1994:3).
10
Q
benefice
A
- refers to the obligation to provide benefits and balance benefits against risks
11
Q
autonomy
A
- refers to the obligation to respect the decision-making capacities of autonomous persons
12
Q
justice
A
- refers to obligations of fairness in the distribution of benefits and risks
13
Q
non-malifence
A
- refers to the obligation to avoid the causation of harm
14
Q
in loco parentis
A
- ‘in place of parents’
- researchers carrying out research with children as participants need to be aware that under certain circumstances they may be held responsible if the child is harmed in any way
15
Q
informed consent
A
- the process of obtaining voluntary participation of individuals in research based on a full understanding of the aims of the research study, its possible benefits and risks, and the handling o information which the participant helps create
16
Q
privacy
A
- the capacity to keep personal matters or information out of view from others
17
Q
reflexivity
A
- in its broad meaning, this is used to refer to the capacity of researchers to reflect upon their actions and values during research, whether in producing data or writing accounts
18
Q
situated knowledge
A
- an epistemological position that rejects the positivist approach that knowledge or facts can be understood from a neutral and objective position
19
Q
utilitarian ethics
A
- John Stuart Mill published “utilitarianism’ in 1861, and provided the principle of utility which offers a criterion form oral judgements about ‘right’ and ‘wrong’
20
Q
vulnerable groups
A
- a term broadly defined as groups who are a particular risk in society
21
Q
abstracts
A
- a summary of a journal article, appearing at the start of the article and reproduced in bibliographic indexes
- abstracts can also sometimes be found in other publication formats, such as chapters of theses.
22
Q
alert service
A
- a service offered by some bibliographic databases and journals which will send you a message about new publications that relate to your literature review, your recorded interest, or that have appeared recently in the journal
23
Q
bibliographic indexes
A
- a searchable database of published sources, such as journal articles
24
Q
boolean searches
A
- searches for material (such as references or segments of coded text) using combinations of keywords linked by operators such as ‘and’, ‘or’ or ‘not’.
25
Q
control lists
A
- a list of literature search terms, or keywords, that are linked together for a particular concept, within a catalogue or indexing system
- they can function like a thesaurus
26
Q
database
A
- a structure way of holding related information, where the structure is explicit enough to allow for quick searching to locate specific items of information
27
Q
dewey decimal system
A
- a leading index system, used by libraries, which allocates specific number codes to various disciplines
28
Q
evidence-based
A
- clinical or policy decisions are said to be evidence-based when they are based on empirical evidence the supports the decision
29
Q
fields
A
- the subsections that create the structure of a database and against which records are stored
30
Q
grey literature
A
- useful materials, often reporting research, other than books and journal articles
- they include newspapers, conference proceedings and abstracts, theses and documents produced by governments, private organizations and charities
31
Q
import filters
A
- used by bibliographic software to facilitate reference importing, so that relevant items of the reference (such as title, abstract or author) map to the appropriate part of the software’s database
32
Q
importing references
A
- an alternative to manually entering references into bibliographic software
33
Q
keyword analysis
A
- referring to computer-assisted methods for analyzing texts, keywords are words that occur more commonly in one set of texts when compared to a reference text
34
Q
library of congress systems
A
- a leading index system develop din the United States, used by libraries , which allocates specific Roman letter codes to various disciplines
35
Q
meta-analysis
A
- an agglomeration of existing empirical research evidence which is synthesized with the aim of providing a robust and reliable summary of disparate research evidence
36
Q
nesting
A
- a technique involving enclosure of one pair of parentheses within another pair, in order to refine a search of an index or database
37
Q
proximity operators
A
- words such as ‘near’ or ‘adjacent’ or ‘after’ which can be used to facilitate and narrow down a search of literature using an index and its keywords
38
Q
query
A
- an output created by a catalogue, or index, which is being searched
- the query lists the search terms entered, plus any proximity operators usually as a summary before the results of the search
39
Q
record
A
- the content of the fields which belong together for a particular row in a database
40
Q
reference styles
A
- the way in which references are laid out within the main body of a scholarly text, as citations, and at the end of the text, as a bibliography or reference list
41
Q
references
A
- an overall term for bibliographic sources which a researcher wishes to drawn upon when presenting an argument
42
Q
search terms
A
- words, keywords, or phrases a researcher uses to retrieve entries from a database or index when searching for references, publications or other kinds of document
43
Q
systematic review
A
- a type of literature review which aims to retrieve all available evidence published on a subject, evaluate the quality of the studies that have produced that evidence, and summarize the accumulated findings of the higher quality studies to support clinical or policy decisions, rendering them evidence based
44
Q
truncation
A
- deliberately limiting the number of characters of a particular search term when searching an index or database, for example Psychol*, to retrieve terms like ‘Psychology’, ‘Psychological’, ‘Psychologist’ , etc.
45
Q
wildcards
A
- these are punctuation symbols, such as a question mark or an asterisk, which can be include din place of actual letters of search terms entered when querying a database or index
46
Q
closed questions
A
- question which can normally be answered by a single word or phrase, such as ‘yes’ or ‘no’
