Terms Flashcards
Lyrical Ballads:
book of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge
zeitgeist work (democracy and common-place things become just as important as aristocrats, a return to simplicity)
Spontaneous overflow of feeling leads to creation of Romantic poetry
Everyday life as lyrical poetry; emotional response to an event or an occasion
Elevated status of poet, prophet of society
Musical nationalism:
a
Transcendentalism:
nature is the greatest teacher
depicted in written works, art, and music
Hudson River School:
Group of artists working in America that are considered the “American Romantics
Literary realism:
depicting the lives of English lower classes with intense sympathy and attention to detail
Dickens
Realist art:
paint the noble savages, the lay people; hearkens back to the Flemish paintings from centuries past (Romantic Realists)
lives of drudgery, poverty; mundane living
addresses ordinary life without expressing sentimentalism at all
Marxism:
headed my Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Communist Manifesto which called for “the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions”
Historical Materialism: legal actions, forms of the state are rooted in the material conditions of life
Nationalism:
the exaltation of one’s own home territory
turned from pride in your religion to pride in your nation
Haussmannization of Paris:
completed by Baron Georges-Eugene Haussmann and ordered by Napoleon III
destroying old Paris and building a new one
served two purposes
beautify/sanitize
prevent revolution
flâneur:
a man about town, someone that walks around town, goes to cafes, too cool to have a job, but simply enjoyed life.
Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe:
Luncheon on the Grass
turned down by the Salon of 1863
was scandalous because of the nude woman in a painting- woman is realistic, defiant and looking at you
causes of the “growing unrest” towards the end of the 19th c.
Growth of democracy: people felt they had a RIGHT to material benefits
Scientific progress improved lives, lowered mortality rates: population rose
Growth of world financial market: power to big business; capitalism vs. socialism; trade unions
No bedrock of certainty: religion had lost its hold–secularism replaced it
En plein air:
in open air
first time that painters brought their easels outside and painted scenery not from memory
Fin de siècle:
“end of the century”
marked the dawn of modernism
last decade of the 19th century (1800s)
Art Nouveau:
“new art”
Siegfried Bing started it
Importance of Les Demoiselles d’Avignon:
five prostitutes in a brothel
“new in entirely every way”
“act of liberation, an exorcism of past traditions”
Fauvism:
application of arbitrary or unnatural color (anticipated by Van Gogh)
Means “wild beasts”
Broke with artistic tradition
Artists viewed as entrepreneurs.
Cubism:
reducing everything to geometric form
Started by Braque and Picasso
Collages:
to paste or to glue
challenged the space between life and art
Expressionist style:
combination of exploration of emotional potential of color with raw primitivism and sexual energy
Atonality:
no organization of music around a home key
Schoenberg did not like this term b/c it seemed like it described music as not being music
Sprechstimme:
“speech song”
modifies pitch by changing it in upward or downward direction
Changes after WWI
modernist temper in literature
Relativism = no absolute truth
modernist temper in literature:
- skepticism and experimentation
- fragmentation of line and image
- abandonment of traditional forms
- sense of alienation, homelessness, isolation
- ambivalence about traditional culture
- desire to find an elusive anchor in the past- back to “reality”
- idea that only art can provide meaningful worldview
- pushing of language to provide new meanings for an exhausted world
- blurring of parameters of reality
