Passage ID Flashcards
🙌🏻(Darwin: Origin of Species)
use of scientific method: emphasis on direct observation and objective reporting of real conditions (went on voyage and observed plants and animals)
Creator: We are both creationists and evolutionists, Darwin believed in God and a Creator.
connection to Romanticism: realistic nature, natural selection is not much of a moral system, influenced pessimism of last half of 19th century
Social Darwinism: Not proposed by Darwin-
The poor, the stupid, the less fit deserve their fate; the best rise to the top
Survival of the fittest both socially and economically- nations as well as individuals
Superior nations have a moral duty, in evolutionary terms, to conquer an inferior people and populate their lands with fitter humans
unrestrained competition had a scientific basis
struggle for existence:
🙌🏻(Marx: Communist Manifesto)
classes: history of world is struggle between classes
capitalism: Marx believed it was lesser than socialism and communism
Bourgeoisie - modern capitalists, owners, employers
Proletariat - wage laborers who have no means of production & must sell their labors to live (no personal benefit)
Goal of communism
balance between production & consumption
gets rid of competition
inevitability of revolution: dangerous (lower) classes will rise up against
role of religion: “the opiate of the masses”
most communists gave up religion, had their own ideas on life already
role of art: Only appropriate style is Realism and Propaganda
role of women: Women should stay in the home and should not work
🙌🏻(Tolstoy: The Death of Ivan Ilyitch)
Ivan Ilyitch-
-Man who is sick and about to die
-screamed nonstop for three days and three nights
-Wanted to do everything the right was
-bumped his head moving furniture and died
-suffered from turning inward
-at the end, felt sorry for his wife and for his son accepts death
Gerasim- peasant who is the only person is sincere with Ivan telling him the truth about his future death, represented Old Russian style, holds legs up, takes care of Ivan
death theme- Reactions to death
-take his job
-don’t have time for funeral
-I am glad it was him & not me
other themes
ties to Romanticism
🙌🏻(Ibsen: A Doll’s House:)
Ibsen- father of modern drama, every play had a character with a “secret”
Nora: leaves husband & children to discover self at end, forged check to take care of husband in Italy
Torvald: Husband, bank manager, suffocates wife
Krogstad: Employee at Torvald’s Bank, Kristine’s long lost lover
Kristine: Nora’s old school friend, widowed, sought employment
changing role of women: “the slammed door heard round the world”
themes of the work: “I’m not a Feminist. I am a Humanist.” - Ibsen
🙌🏻(Virginia Woolf: A Room of One’s Own)
Virginia Woolf: English Novelist, feminist, was sexually abused by her 2 step-brothers, committed suicide
material barriers for women-
immaterial barriers for women- would not accept writing of a woman, were viewed as incapable
women in real life vs. women in literature
🙌🏻(Kafka:The Metamorphosis)
Kafka- Jewish, Czech and living in Germany, felt like an outcast to everything
Gregor- Main character who turns into bug and then people ignore him
themes: postwar disillusionment, prophetic work, the “other”
modernist text
🙌🏻(Camus: The Guest & The Myth of Sisyphus)
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