Terms Flashcards
denotation
literal meaning
connotation
associated meaning
implied writer
a constructed idea of an idealised writer
actual writer
real person who produced the text
primary purpose of text
most important purpose
secondary purpose of text
less obvious purpose of a text
discourse community
a group of text receivers with shared beliefs and ideas
mode
the manner language is expressed eg spoken or written
genre
a group of texts with shared conventions
intertextuality
when conventions of genres are borrowed by another text
blended mode text
contains elements of both speech and writing
variation
differences in language across different contexts
register
variety of language used depending on context
representation
portrayal of events
situational characteristics
aspects of context that determine the register
3 types of noun
concrete (singular or plural), abstract, proper
4 types of verb
material, relational, mental, verbal
material verb
shows actions or events
relational verb
identifies properties or states of being
mental verb
shows internal processes
verbal verb
shows external processes via speech
3 types of adjective/adverb
base, comparative, superlative
base adjective/ adverb
basic modifier of a noun
comparative adjective/adverb
comparing nouns debating a best, eg bigger
superlative adjective/ adverb
comparing nouns indicating a best, eg biggest
3 types of pronouns
personal, demonstrative, indefinite
personal pronoun
referring to a person based on tense, eg I, you or we
demonstrative pronoun
specifying an object and its quantity eg this or these
indefinite pronoun
non specific person or object eg anyone, everything
3 types of determiners
article, possessive, quantifier
article determiner
shows that something is definite (the) or indefinite (a/an)
possessive determiner
shows ownership eg my, your
quantifier determiner
shows quantities of noun, eg any, one, both
two types of conjunctions
co-ordinating and sub-ordinating
co-ordinating conjunction
links equal clauses or sentences together, eg and, but
sub-ordinating
links two clauses together where one is dependent on the other, eg because, although
collocation
words which typically appear together
synonyms
words with similar meanings
antonyms
words with opposite meanings
euphemism
rephrasing of an idea, usually to avoid speaking about a taboo
dysphemism
direct phrases which talk about social taboos
3 types of antonyms
complementary, binary, relational
complementary antonym
mutually exclusive, where one is true, the other is false. eg alive or dead, win or lose
binary antonym
exist on a spectrum, where there are varying degrees of difference, eg tall or short, hot or cold
relational antonym
where one implies the existence of the other, eg doctor or patient, buy or sell, husband or wife
hyponomy
relation between general and more specific words, showing superordination or subordination
metaphor
presents an idea in the terms of something else
