Terms

Question 1

Ethics

Answer 1

rules or standards guiding how people live their lives and make decisions.

Question 2

Beneficence

Answer 2

to act for the benefit of others.

Question 3

Can I Watch (a) DVD? (What does it stand for?)

Answer 3

Confidentiality, Informed consent, Withdrawal rights, Deception, Voluntary, Debriefing.

Question 4

Validity

Answer 4

How well a test measures what it claims to measure. It needs to be valid.

Question 5

Scientific Method

Answer 5

The process by which scientists plan, carry out, and report on their research.

Question 6

Variable

Answer 6

A factor that can change in observable and measurable ways.

Question 7

Independent Variable

Answer 7

What the researcher is testing. It usually causes something to happen.

Question 8

Dependent Variable

Answer 8

What the researcher is measuring. It is a response to the Independent Variable.

Question 9

Extraneous Variable

Answer 9

any variable that hasn’t been changed in the experiment, but might still affect the result. This is often an outside factor.

Question 10

Control Group

Answer 10

A group of participants who do not receive the Independent Variable.

Question 11

Experimental Group

Answer 11

A group of participants who do receive the Independent Variable.

Question 12

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Conclusions

Answer 12

Our understanding of how the Independent variable affects the dependent variable

Question 13

Placebo Effect

Answer 13

where there is change in a participant’s behaviour due to the expectations about an experiment.

Question 14

Placebo

Answer 14

a fake treatment used so that no participants know whether they are exposed to the experimental condition.

Question 15

Experimenter Effect

Answer 15

The experimenter’s behaviour towards a control or experimental group may be biased and influence participants unintentionally.

Question 16

No Blind

Answer 16

Researchers and Participants know who is in the control or experimental group.

Question 17

Single Blind

Answer 17

Researchers know who the control and experimental groups are, but control groups are given a placebo.

Question 18

Double Blind

Answer 18

Control groups are given a placebo, and researchers don’t know who is in the control group or the experimental group.

Question 19

Psychology

Answer 19

The study of the human mind and behaviour.

Question 20

Steps of Scientific Method

Answer 20

Identify, Hypothesis, Design Method, Collect Data, Analyse Data, Results

Question 21

Case Study

Answer 21

An examination of a particular case within a real-world context.

Question 22

Observational Study

Answer 22

When researchers collect information from participants or look at data that was already collected.

Question 23

Longitudinal Study

Answer 23

Researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time.

Question 24

Cross-Sectional Study

Answer 24

Where researchers collect data from many different individuals at a single point in time.

Question 25

Interview Study

Answer 25

Relies on asking questions to collect data.

Question 26

Population

Answer 26

The group of people the experiment is interested in.

Question 27

Sample

Answer 27

The smaller group who will be in the experiment.

Question 28

Convenience Sampling

Answer 28

Selecting the easiest subjects and asking them to participate.

Question 29

Random Sampling

Answer 29

Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 30

Stratified Sampling

Answer 30

Attempts to reflect the demographics of the population and mirror that in participant selection.

Question 31

Subjective Data

Answer 31

Based on opinion and collected through observation or self-reports.

Question 32

Objective Data

Answer 32

Based on measurable data and collected through observation or measuring.

Question 33

Mean

Answer 33

The mean gives the average.

Question 34

Median

Answer 34

The median is the middle number of a data set.

Question 35

Mode

Answer 35

The mode is the number that occurs most often.