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Intro to Psychology > Exam Revision > Flashcards

Exam Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

Ethics

A

Rules or standards that guide how people live their lives and make decisions.

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2
Q

Beneficence

A

The moral obligation to act for the benefit of others. (Do No Harm)

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3
Q

Can I Watch a DVD? (what does it stand for?)

A

Confidentiality
Informed Consent
Withdrawal Rights
Deception
Voluntary
Debriefing

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4
Q

Confidentiality

A

All participants details must be kept confidential

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5
Q

Informed Consent

A

Participants must be aware of the experiment and give consent to participate.

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6
Q

Withdrawal Rights

A

Participants must be allowed to withdraw from the experiment at any time.

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7
Q

Deception

A

The participant must be debriefed if any deception was used.

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8
Q

Voluntary

A

Participants must freely volunteer to participate in the experiment.

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9
Q

Debriefing

A

Participants must be debriefed and provide treatment if required.

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10
Q

Validity

A

The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure. A test must be valid.

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11
Q

Scientific Method Definition

A

The process is where students plan, carry out, and report on their research.

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12
Q

What is a variable?

A

A factor that can change in observable and measurable ways.

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13
Q

Independent Variable

A

What the researcher is testing. It causes something to happen.

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14
Q

Dependant Variable

A

What the researcher is measuring. It is a response to the IV.

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15
Q

Extraneous Variable

A

It may influence the DV and need to be controlled. (any other variables except for the IV)

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16
Q

Control Group

A

Group of participants who do not receive the IV.

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17
Q

Experimental Group

A

Group of participants who do receive the IV.

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18
Q

Placebo Effect

A

Change in the participants behaviour due to the expectations around the experiment.

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19
Q

Placebo

A

A fake or false treatment so no participants know whether they are exposed to the experimental condition.

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20
Q

Experimenter Effect

A

The experimenter’s behaviour may be biased and influence the participants unintentionally.

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21
Q

No Blind Study

A

Researchers AND participants know who the control group and experimental group are.

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22
Q

Single Blind

A

Researchers know who the control and experimental groups are, but control groups are given a placebo.

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23
Q

Double Blind

A

Control groups are given a placebo and researchers don’t know who’s in the control or experimental group.

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24
Q

Types of Studies (5 total)

A

Case Study, Observational Study, Cross-Sectional Study, Longitudinal Study & Interviews.

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25
Q

Population (related to psychology)

A

The group of people that the experiment is interested in/related to.

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26
Q

Sample

A

The smaller group who will be in the experiment.

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27
Q

Convenience Sampling

A

Selecting the easiest subjects and asking them to participate.

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28
Q

Random Sampling

A

Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

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29
Q

Stratified Sampling

A

Reflect the population when selecting participants.

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30
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Made up of brain and spinal cord. Processes information and sends out messages.

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31
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Made up of nerves which take the message to and from the CNS around the body.

32
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Involuntary movements

33
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Controls voluntary movements.
e.g muscles to body.

34
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Fight or Flight
- Increases Heart Rate, blood pressure, sweat glands.

35
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Rest and Digest
- conserves energy
- controls digestion, bladder
Brings body back to normal state.

36
Q

3 Types of Neurons

A

Sensory Neurons
Interneurons
Motor Neurons

37
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Sensitive to heat and light

Carry messages to the brain and spinal cord from the eyes, ears, tongue and skin

38
Q

Interneurons

A

Transmit messages between the neurons in the body and the central nervous system.

Only located in the CNS

39
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Carry messages from the CNS to the muscles which process this as an action or movement.

40
Q

7 Parts of a Neuron

A

Soma (cell body), Nucleus, Axon, Myelin Sheath, Dendrites, Axon Terminals, Synapse.

41
Q

Nucleus

A

Control Centre

42
Q

Dendrites

A

Collect electrical messages from other neurons.

43
Q

Soma

A

Cell Body

44
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Insulates and protects the message and allows electrical signals to pass through quickly and efficiently.

45
Q

Axon

A

Transmit information between neurons

46
Q

Axon Terminals

A

Transmit information to other neurons

47
Q

Synapse

A

Connect one neuron to the other

The gap between two neurons.

48
Q

What does the left hemisphere of the brain control?

A
  • Controls motor and sensory from the right side of the body
  • Speech, language
  • Logical thinking & calculations
  • Words, letters, numbers
  • Maths, English
49
Q

What does the right hemisphere of the brain control?

A
  • Controls motor and sensory from the right side of the body
  • creativity
  • recognition of faces, places and objects.
  • music
50
Q

What does the Cerebrum do?

A

controls your thoughts and voluntary movements throughout the body.

51
Q

What does the Cerebellum do?

A

coordination and balance

52
Q

What does the brain stem do?

A

controls the body’s vital functions such as:
- breathing
- blood pressure
- heart rate

53
Q

What does the Basal Ganglia do?

A
  • controls movements
  • habits
  • feelings of reward
54
Q

What does the Thalamus do?

A
  • regulation of sleep, consciousness and alertness.
  • motor and sensory information
55
Q

What does the Hypothalamus do?

A

keeps body balanced
controls:
- body temp
- hunger
- fatigue
- sleep

56
Q

What does the Amygdala do?

A
  • processing emotions
  • emotional responses (especially fear)
57
Q

What does the Hippocampus do?

A
  • processing memories
  • converting short-term memories into long-term memories.
58
Q

What does the Frontal Lobe do?

A

Front part of the brain;
- personality
- decision making
- voluntary movement

59
Q

What does the Parietal Lobe do?

A

In the middle and top of the brain;
- coordination
- All sensory information

60
Q

What does the Temporal Lobe do?

A

Bottom of the brain on both sides;
- memory
- emotions
- speech & language
- All auditory information

61
Q

What does the Occipital Lobe do?

A

located at the base of the skull;
Visual processing:
- spacial processing
- colour processing
- depth perception
- face recognition

62
Q

What is the Cerebral Cortex?

A

the outer layer of tissue on the brain.

63
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

bundle of nerve fibres that enable communication between the two hemispheres

64
Q

F-POT

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

65
Q

What is the Mental Health Continuum?

A

The scale and range from being mentally healthy, having a mental problem or mental disorder.

66
Q

6 approaches to normality

A

‘Senior Students From High School Musical’
Sociocultural
Situaltional
Functional
Historical
Statistical
Medical

67
Q

Sociocultural

A

It’s normal if other people (society) do it.

68
Q

Functional

A

It’s abnormal if you cannot take care of yourself and work.

69
Q

Historical

A

It might not be normal now, but it was then.

70
Q

Situational

A

It might be normal in that situation, but not in this one.

71
Q

Medical

A

If you are not normal, it’s because you have an illness.

72
Q

Statistical

A

If most people do it, it’s normal. If few people do it, it’s abnormal.

73
Q

Neurodiverse/Neurodivergent Conditions

A
  • Dyslexia
  • Dyspraxia
  • OCD*
  • Tourette’s
  • Autism
  • ADHD
74
Q

Dyspraxia

A

affects your physical coordination

75
Q

BPS Model stands for:

A

Bio-Psycho-Social Model
Biological
Psychological
Social

Intro to Psychology (4 decks)

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