TERMS Flashcards
used as legend color for signs having white, yellow, orange, fluorescent orange, fluorescent yellow green background and as chevron for hazard makers.
Black
used as background color for road signs.
Yellow
background color for most signs and legends for some colored background.
White
used as background
color for signs related to pedestrian movement, school zones, and road work hazard markers to give additional emphasis and guidance to vehicle operators.
Fluorescent Yellow Green
used as background color for
roadwork signs whose legends relate to personal
working.
Fluorescent Orange
used as background color for direction signs.
Green
used as background color for service signs.
Blue
reserved as background color for all tourist
facility directional and information signs
Brown
those laid in the
direction of travel
Longitudinal Lines
used to separate opposite
traffic movements of an undivided roadway
and is generally placed centrally on all roads
and bridges 6.0 m or more in width.
Center Line
broken lines used to separate adjacent lanes of traffic moving in the same
direction
Lane Line
should only be used where overtaking from both directions of the road and all crossing movements are prohibited.
Double Unbroken Yellow Line
should be used where overtaking from both directions of the road are prohibited. However,
crossing movements are permitted.
Single Unbroken Yellow Line
combinations of an unbroken yellow line and a white separation line
Single Yellow Line with a Broken White Line
used to delineate the edge of the traveled way to distinguish it from the shoulder area. It should be a solid white line between 100 mm and 200 mm wide.
Edge Line
used to indicate that
portion of a carriageway assigned to through
traffic.
Continuity Line
used to guide traffic safely past obstructions on roadways such as islands, median strips, bridge piers or indicate changes in the width of the traveled portion of the roadway and an increase or reduction in traffic lanes.
Transition Lines
laid across the direction of travel.
Transverse Lines
indicates the position beyond which the vehicles should not proceed when
required by control devices like signals or by traffic police.
Stop Line
markings consisting of a
two adjacent broken white lines across the carriageway at which drivers must give way to all traffic.
Give Way Line
consists
of series of longitudinal bars. The bars are
placed parallel to the road center line with
gaps of equal width to the bar
Zebra (Non-Signalized Crossing)
defined by a pair of solid white lines across
the road surface. They should be used in
conjunction with mid-block or intersection
signals.
Crosswalks (Signalized Crossing)
– holding lines
at roundabouts shall consist of broken
reflectorized white line. The leading edge of
the holding line forms a prolongation of the
curb and the painted outline of the traffic
island on the approach.
Roundabout Holding Lines
may be used to guide vehicles through a turning movement at intersections
Turn Lines
there are two types of
parking bays: parallel parking and angle
parking.
Parking Bay Lines
painted median islands
are used on wide roads where light traffic
volume cannot justify the installation of
solid curbed median island.
Painted Median
an unbroken
yellow line used to separate other vehicles
from buses and PUJ’s
Bus and PUJ Lane Line
an unbroken white line used to indicate the proper location of loading and unloading zone of public utility vehicles preferably
with parking restriction.
Loading and Unloading Bay Lane Line
consist of yellow box within the intersection and yellow diagonal lines forming an ‘X’ inside the box.
“Do Not Block Intersection” Lines
diagonal marking on
approaches to obstructions and median islands shall consist of a splayed line or lines extending from the center of lane line to a point to the right side or to both sides, of the approach end of the obstruction.
Approach Markings to Islands and Obstructions
often used to guide
traffic into the right turning lanes separated by an island, such as a corner island at a
signalized intersection.
Chevron Markings
are placed on a sealed shoulders or other sealed portion of the road where traffic is not desired.
Diagonal Markings
a type of thermoplastic
lane marking designed to aid and provide motorists with visual, audio and motion
warnings on the road.
Rumble Strips
a solid line shall be
placed along the sides of the triangular neutral area between the edges of the main roadway and the exit ramp lane at the gore
of every ramp terminal.
Exit Ramp Marking
a solid white
line shall be placed along the side of the triangular neutral area adjacent to the ramp
lane at the gore of every entrance ramp terminal.
Entrance Ramp Marking
The curb markings for parking restrictions shall
be of solid yellow color, covering the face of
the curb.
Curb Markings for Parking and Loading/Unloading Restrictions
Pavement markings consisting of a cross, the
letters RR, a ‘No Passing’ zone marking, and
a double solid stop bar shall be placed on all
paved approaches to level or at-grade
railroad crossing.
Approach to Railroad Crossing
when painted on a pavement
should be limited to three words or less.
They shall only be used to supplement other
traffic control devices.
Messages
the symbol used to
supplement the give way sign consists of an
isosceles triangle.
Give Way Symbol
are white in color, used
for lane use control.
Pavement Arrows
The only ____ that should
be used are those associated with speed limits at locations to supplement speed limit
signs which are continuously disregarded by drivers or which are obscured and cannot be read easily
Numerals
small devices
which are fixed to the concrete pavement
surface to stimulate or supplement painted
pavement markings.
Raised Pavement Markers
provided to minimize the
delays for right turning vehicles and to
make the right turn movement easier and
safer.
Right Turn Slip Lanes
A protected water area to provide
safe and suitable accommodation for ships for
the transfer of cargo, refueling, repairs, etc.
Harbor
harbors protected
from storms and waves by the natural
configuration of the land.
Natural Harbor
harbors with
both natural and artificial protection.
Semi-Natural Harbor
harbors protected
from the effect of waves by means of
breakwaters, or harbors created by
dredging.
Artificial Harbor
A sheltered place where the ship may
receive or discharge cargo. It includes the
harbor with its approach channels and
anchorage places.
Ports
ports located on coasts,
tidal estuaries or river mouths where
the port can be reached directly by
ocean-going ships
Ocean Ports
ports located on navigable rivers, channels and lakes.
Inland Waterway Ports
a navigable channel in a harbor,
offshore etc; the usual course taken by vessels
in such places.
Fairway
A place where the ship can moor. In the
case of a quay or jetty structure, it will include
the section of the structure where labor,
equipment and cargo move to and from the
ship.
Berth
An artificial landing place
for the loading and unloading of ships.
Berth Structure
A continuous structure built
parallel to along the margin of the sea
or alongside riverbanks, canals, or
waterways where vessels may lie
alongside to receive or discharge
cargo, embark or disembark
passengers or lie at rest.
Wharf
this term can be substituted to wharf
when applied to great solid structures in large
ports
Quay
– Any structure built into the sea
but not parallel to the coastline and
includes any stage, stair landing place,
landing stage jetty, floating barge, and
pontoon, any bridge or other works
connected there with.
Pier
a landing stage or small pier at
which boats can dock or be moored.
Jetty
a type of dock consisting of a
rectangular basin dug into the shore of a body
of water and provided with a removable
enclosure wall or gate on the side toward the
water, used for major repairs and overhaul of
vessels.
Dry Dock
occurs in intermediate
depth to shallow waters. The
change in wave height and wave
direction due to the change in local
wave velocity caused in water
depth.
Wave Refraction
is a phenomenon whereby
waves wheel into region that is
screened by something like a
breakwater.
Wave Diffraction
the waves reflected from
port and harbor facilities can
exercise a large influence on the
navigation of vessels and cargo
handling. For example, waves
reflected from vertical breakwaters
can cause disturbances in
navigation channels, and multiple
reflected waves from quaywalls can
cause agitations within harbors.
Wave Reflection
one of the
important factors that lead to
changing of the wave height in
coastal waters. It exemplifies the
fact that the wave height in shallow
waters is also governed by the
water depth and wave period.
Wave Shoaling
At places where the water
depth is no more than about three
times the equivalent deepwater
wave height decreases rapidly of
the wave height due to wave
breaking shall be considered.
Wave Breaking
is the periodic rise and fall
of sea level in response to the gravitational
attraction of the sun and moon as modified by
the earth’s rotation.
Astronomical Tide
is the average
of the sea water surface for all stages
of the tide over a 19-year period.
Mean Sea Level MSL
is the
height of the low water over a 19-year
period.
Mean Low Water MLW
– is
the average height of the lower low
waters over a 19-year period.
Mean Lower Low Water MLLW
is the
average height of the high waters over
a 19-year period.
Mean High Water MHW
is the average height of the higher high
water over a 19-year period.
Mean Higher High Water MHHW
is abnormal rise of the sea level
that occurs when a typhoon passes
by. This rise above normal level on
this open coast is due to
atmosphere pressure reduction as
well as that due to wind stress.
Storm Surge
are wave with an extremely long
period that mainly occur when
there is a sudden large-scale sea
floor movement usually associated
severe, shallow focus earthquake.
Tsunamis
is a phenomenon involving abnormal
oscillations of the water level with a period of
approximately a few minutes to a few tens of minutes.
Seiche
wherever the existing
ground is above the constructed section.
Cut or Excavation
wherever the existing
ground is below the constructed section, the
construction is said to involve
Fill or Embankment
points at which the cut or fill slopes
intersect the existing ground.
Catch Points
- points at which the cut or fill slopes
intersect the nearly horizontal roadway surface
Hinge Points
graph of cumulative volume of
earthwork versus distance in stations from the
beginning of the job, in which cut is considered to
be positive and fill negative.
Mass Diagram
product of a volume of material times the
average distance it is hauled.
Haul
longest distance
material should ever be hauled.
Limit of Economic Haul
refers to establishment of
horizontal and vertical alignments and cross
section, based on considerations such as operating
characteristics of vehicles, design standards, and
drainage
Geometric Design
the distance required to
see an object 0.15 m high on the roadway.
Stopping Sight Distance
the distance required to
see an oncoming vehicle of a certain minimum size.
Passing Sight Distance
defined as the maximum safe speed
that can be maintained over a specified section of
highway when conditions are so favorable that the
design features of the highway govern.
Design Speed
refers to drawings, usually accompanied by
notes, of various aspects or components of the
design.
Plans
When such motion takes
place along a single linear facility such as a
roadway or a railway, it can often be represented
by a graph known as _______________.
Space-time diagram
It may be defined as the difference
between the actual travel time on a given segment
of a transportation system and some ideal travel
time for that segment.
Delay
The difference between A(t) and D(t)
represents aircraft that have arrived atthe runway
but have not begun (or completed) their takeoffs.
These lines of aircraft waiting to be served is called
a _________.
Queue
defined as the number of vehicles per unit
time passing a point in space, and is usually
expressed in vehicles per hour.
Flow
measured between common points on
successive vehicles.
Headway
measured from the rear of one vehicle
to the front of the next.
Time Gap
defined as the fraction of time that
vehicles are present at a point in space.
Occupancy
the red, yellow, or green light that is
displayed to drivers in a given movement.
Indication
The time required for one complete
sequence of signal indications.
Cycle
discrete portion of a cycle during which
the indications do not change.
Interval
portion of the cycle during which the
movements with the right-of-way do not change.
Phase
the timing of signals in
relationship to one another so that vehicles
traveling at a predetermined speed can pass
through the greens of successive signals
Signal Coordination
speed at which vehicles are
presumed to travel through the coordinated
signal system.
Speed Progression
The space-time path
intersecting the green at all signals.
Through Band
time difference between beginning
and end of the through band at any point.
band Width
The time difference between
the beginnings of the greens at any two signals.
Offset of the Cycle
each signal displays the
phase opposite that of the adjacent signals; thus the
pattern, looking down the street at any instant of
time, is red-green-red-green.
Single Alternate System
phases at two
intersections are grouped together, so that the
pattern is red-red- green-green-red-red.
Double Alternate System
It groups three
intersections and produce a pattern of red-redred-green-green-green.
Triple Alternate System
Employing minimum cycles
are usually sufficient for platoon-breakup
metering.
Fixed-time System
May respond to
volumes measured upstream of the ramp,
occupancies measured upstream of the ramp,
occupancies measured downstream of the ramp, or
some combinations of these.
Traffic-response System
The time spent in decelerating
and accelerating the vehicle and in opening and
closing the doors.
Clearance Time
The time spent loading and
unloading passengers.
Dwell Time
Route schedules, or timetables, give
the times that successive bused pass points called
_______.
Time Points
considered to be the basic unit of travel
behavior. It also involves movement from a single
origin to a single destination, and are usually
described in terms of their origins, destinations,
purposed, times of occurrence, travel modes, and
routes.
Trip
this means that the utility of any
particular tripis partially dependent onthe activity
it makes possible, and the way in which that
activity is valued by the individual.
Derived Utility
intended to predict
the number of travelers using various routes and,
hence, the traffic on the links of a transportation
network.
Trip Assignment Models
So far, no explicit consideration
has been given to the relationship between the
order in which customers arrive demanding
service and the order in which they are served. This
relationship is referred to as the ___
Queue Discipline
Headways such that the
vehicles are just filled at the maximum load point
on the route.
Capacity Headways
Arbitrarily determined
maximum headways intended to represent the
minimum acceptable standard for frequency of
service.
Policy Headways
used to fasten rails together
longitudinally.
Joint Bars
- Steel bars used to maintain gage (that
is, horizontal separation between the rails) at
critical locations such as curves and switches.
Gage Bars
used to resist the longitudinal
motion of rails relative to ties.
Rail Anchors
