Terms Flashcards by T. .

Rapid breathing

tachypnea

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difficulty breathing

dyspnea

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Inflammation of larynx, trachea and bronchi

laryngotracheobronchitis

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inflammation of lungs

pneumonitis

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Infectious disease that attacks the lungs and other tissue

tuberculosis

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A disease caused by inflammation of the mucus membranes inside the bronchial tubes

bronchitis

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. the deadliest of lung disease is a disease where abnormal growth of cells prevents normal lung function

lung cancer

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this is an inflammation of the lungs most often caused by bacteria or viruses

pneumonia

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this happens when a blood clot or other foreign substance gets stuck in the lungs and blocks a pulmonary artery

pulmonary embolism

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. When a lung collapses usually due to injury it’s called this

pneumothorax

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This disease often caused by smoking happens because the alveoli are destroyed. This results in labored breathing

emphysema

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A buildup of excessive fluid in the lungs leads to this condition

pulmonary edema

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Often triggered by allergies this disease causes a constriction of the air passageways labored breathing and coughing

asthma

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This is a persistent hacking cough resulting from a buildup of mucus in the lungs the body’s reaction to cigarette smoke

smokers cough

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stores bile until it is secreted

gallbladder

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Fingerlike extensions in the intestinal wall that increase surface area

villi

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Anatomical region where mechanical digestion occurs

oral cavity

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Organ that mixes food in the mouth

tongue

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Common passage for food and air

pharynx

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Literally a food chute; it has no digestive or absorptive role

esophagus

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Projections of the plasma membrane of a cell that increase the cell’s surface area

microvilli

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Produces a juice that neutralizes stomach acid and contains digestive enzymes

pancreas

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Organ responsible for absorption of most nutrients

small intestine

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Organ primarily involved in water absorption and feces formation

large intestines (colon)

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Blind sac hanging from the initial part of the colon

appendix

Organ in which protein digestion begins

stomach

Organ into which the stomach empties

small intestine

opening through which feces are expelled from the body

anus

produces bile

liver

produce enzymes that begin carbohydrate digestion

salivary glands

stores feces until they are excreted

rectum

An abnormal heart sound such as soft blowing sound or harsh click. It may be soft and heard only with a stethoscope, or so loud it can be heard several feet away. Also referred to as bruit

heart murmur

Localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to an obstruction to the circulation.

ischemia

A blood clot forming within a blood vessel. May partially or completely occlude a blood vessel

thrombus

Decrease in blood pressure. Can occur in shock, infection, cancer, anemia, or as death approaches

hypotension

Contracts smooth muscle in walls of blood vessels. Raises blood pressure

vasoconstrictor

Lowers blood pressure

Antihypertensive

Pounding, racing heart beat

palpitations

Prevents blood clot formation

anticoagulant

May lead to coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction

angina

A stainless steel tube placed within a blood vessel or a duct to widen the lumen

stent

Process of listening to the sound within the body by using a stethoscope

auscultation

Condition in which there is severe pain with a sensation of constriction around the heart. Caused by a deficiency of oxygen to the heart muscle

angina pectoris

It describes an abnormal heart rhythm. The heart can beat too slowly, too fast or irregularly affecting how well the heart works and how blood is pumped around the body

arrhythmia

Complete stopping of heart activity

cardiac arrest

Inflammation of the muscle layer of the heart wall

myocarditis

Record of the electrical activity of the heart. Useful in the diagnosis of abnormal cardiac rhythm and heart muscle (myocardium) damage

Electrocardiography

Relaxes the smooth muscle in the walls of arteries, thereby increasing diameter of the blood vessel. Used for two main purposes: increasing circulation to an ischemic area and reducing blood pressure

vasodilator

The most common form of arteriosclerosis. Caused by the formation of yellowish plaques of cholesterol on the inner walls of arteries

atherosclerosis

Surgical procedure of altering the structure of a vessel by dilating it using a balloon inside the vessel

angioplasty

A procedure that converts serious irregular heartbeats by giving electric shocks to the heart using a special instrument. Also called cardioversion

defibrillation

Blood pressure above the normal range

hypertension

A disorder characterized by a refusal to eat

anorexia

A medication that causes vomiting

emetic

A progressive degenerative disease of the liver

cirrhosis

A test used to detect hidden blood in the stools

FIT - fecal immunochemical test

Difficulty swallowing

dysphagia

Discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upward along the esophagus

heart burn

a painful burning sensation in the chest caused by gastroesophageal reflux

pyrosis

Rupture of the stomach

gastrorrhexis

Separates the stomach form the small intestine and controls the flow of food into the small intestine

pyloric sphincter

Surgical creation of a connection between the small intestine and the colon

anastomosis

Surgical repair of the rectum

proctoplasty

Temporary stoppage of intestinal peristalsis

ileus

The passage of black stools containing digested blood

melena

The protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall

inguinal hernia

The surgical creation of an artificial opening into the stomach

gastrostomy

The twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction

volvulus

The visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum

proctoscopy

vomiting

emesis

vomiting blood

hematemesis

scanty amount of urine

oliguria

condition of blood in urine

hematuria

condition of too much urine

polyuria

condition of ketones in urine

ketonuria

frequent nighttime urination

nocturia

difficult urination

dysuria

complete lack of urine secretion

anuria

condition of pus in urine

pyuria

bed-wetting at night

enuresis

stones in the kidney

nephrolithiasis

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

UTI

pertaining to the kidney

renal

procedure for removing toxic waste from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

hemodialysis

condition of pus in the urine

pyuria

condition of the stone in the ureter

urolithiasis

the maximum amount of air that can be move

VC- vital capacity

The amount of air that is left in the lung after a maximum expiration

residual volume (RB)

The amount of air that can still be inhaled after a normal inspiration at rest

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

The maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration at rest

inspiratory capacity (IC)

The maximum amount of air that can be expired after a normal expiration at rest

Tidal volume

What word describes the fragmenting of food by the teeth?

mastication

What is another name for the throat?

pharynx

What valve keeps food from going to the lungs?

epiglottis

What is the name of the wave-like process that moves food down the esophagus?

peristalsis

What is the semi-liquid food that leaves the stomach?

chyme

What gland is located in the back of the stomach?

pancreas

What liquid is produced by the liver?

bile

What is the area of the small intestine called where liquids from the liver and pancreas meet?

duodenum

What are the tiny finger-like projections in the small intestines?

villi

What is found attached to the large intestine near its connection to the small intestine?

appendix

What is the lower end of the large intestine called?

rectum

enteric tissue is found in the

intestine

The mucosal surface of the digestive organs is the

innermost tunic of wall// inner surface

diverticula

small, bulging pouches that can form in the lining of your digestive system

Dysphasia and dyspepsia and difficulty or pain with

swallowing and digestion.

The buccal mucosa is in the

mouth, inside of the cheek.

A gastroenterologist is a physician who specializes in study of

stomach, intestines, related structures

The splenic and hepatic flexures are bends in the colon near the

spleen and liver

Intestinal motility refers to

peristalsis