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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Rapid breathing

A

tachypnea

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2
Q

difficulty breathing

A

dyspnea

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3
Q

Inflammation of larynx, trachea and bronchi

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

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4
Q

inflammation of lungs

A

pneumonitis

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5
Q

Infectious disease that attacks the lungs and other tissue

A

tuberculosis

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6
Q

A disease caused by inflammation of the mucus membranes inside the bronchial tubes

A

bronchitis

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7
Q

. the deadliest of lung disease is a disease where abnormal growth of cells prevents normal lung function

A

lung cancer

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8
Q

this is an inflammation of the lungs most often caused by bacteria or viruses

A

pneumonia

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9
Q

this happens when a blood clot or other foreign substance gets stuck in the lungs and blocks a pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary embolism

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10
Q

. When a lung collapses usually due to injury it’s called this

A

pneumothorax

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11
Q

This disease often caused by smoking happens because the alveoli are destroyed. This results in labored breathing

A

emphysema

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12
Q

A buildup of excessive fluid in the lungs leads to this condition

A

pulmonary edema

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13
Q

Often triggered by allergies this disease causes a constriction of the air passageways labored breathing and coughing

A

asthma

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14
Q

This is a persistent hacking cough resulting from a buildup of mucus in the lungs the body’s reaction to cigarette smoke

A

smokers cough

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15
Q

stores bile until it is secreted

A

gallbladder

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16
Q

Fingerlike extensions in the intestinal wall that increase surface area

A

villi

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17
Q

Anatomical region where mechanical digestion occurs

A

oral cavity

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18
Q

Organ that mixes food in the mouth

A

tongue

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19
Q

Common passage for food and air

A

pharynx

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20
Q

Literally a food chute; it has no digestive or absorptive role

A

esophagus

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21
Q

Projections of the plasma membrane of a cell that increase the cell’s surface area

A

microvilli

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22
Q

Produces a juice that neutralizes stomach acid and contains digestive enzymes

A

pancreas

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23
Q

Organ responsible for absorption of most nutrients

A

small intestine

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24
Q

Organ primarily involved in water absorption and feces formation

A

large intestines (colon)

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25
Q

Blind sac hanging from the initial part of the colon

A

appendix

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26
Q

Organ in which protein digestion begins

A

stomach

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27
Q

Organ into which the stomach empties

A

small intestine

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28
Q

opening through which feces are expelled from the body

A

anus

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29
Q

produces bile

A

liver

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30
Q

produce enzymes that begin carbohydrate digestion

A

salivary glands

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31
Q

stores feces until they are excreted

A

rectum

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32
Q

An abnormal heart sound such as soft blowing sound or harsh click. It may be soft and heard only with a stethoscope, or so loud it can be heard several feet away. Also referred to as bruit

A

heart murmur

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33
Q

Localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to an obstruction to the circulation.

A

ischemia

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34
Q

A blood clot forming within a blood vessel. May partially or completely occlude a blood vessel

A

thrombus

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35
Q

Decrease in blood pressure. Can occur in shock, infection, cancer, anemia, or as death approaches

A

hypotension

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36
Q

Contracts smooth muscle in walls of blood vessels. Raises blood pressure

A

vasoconstrictor

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37
Q

Lowers blood pressure

A

Antihypertensive

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38
Q

Pounding, racing heart beat

A

palpitations

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39
Q

Prevents blood clot formation

A

anticoagulant

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40
Q

May lead to coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction

A

angina

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41
Q

A stainless steel tube placed within a blood vessel or a duct to widen the lumen

A

stent

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42
Q

Process of listening to the sound within the body by using a stethoscope

A

auscultation

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43
Q

Condition in which there is severe pain with a sensation of constriction around the heart. Caused by a deficiency of oxygen to the heart muscle

A

angina pectoris

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44
Q

It describes an abnormal heart rhythm. The heart can beat too slowly, too fast or irregularly affecting how well the heart works and how blood is pumped around the body

A

arrhythmia

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45
Q

Complete stopping of heart activity

A

cardiac arrest

46
Q

Inflammation of the muscle layer of the heart wall

A

myocarditis

47
Q

Record of the electrical activity of the heart. Useful in the diagnosis of abnormal cardiac rhythm and heart muscle (myocardium) damage

A

Electrocardiography

48
Q

Relaxes the smooth muscle in the walls of arteries, thereby increasing diameter of the blood vessel. Used for two main purposes: increasing circulation to an ischemic area and reducing blood pressure

A

vasodilator

49
Q

The most common form of arteriosclerosis. Caused by the formation of yellowish plaques of cholesterol on the inner walls of arteries

A

atherosclerosis

50
Q

Surgical procedure of altering the structure of a vessel by dilating it using a balloon inside the vessel

A

angioplasty

51
Q

A procedure that converts serious irregular heartbeats by giving electric shocks to the heart using a special instrument. Also called cardioversion

A

defibrillation

52
Q

Blood pressure above the normal range

A

hypertension

53
Q

A disorder characterized by a refusal to eat

A

anorexia

54
Q

A medication that causes vomiting

A

emetic

55
Q

A progressive degenerative disease of the liver

A

cirrhosis

56
Q

A test used to detect hidden blood in the stools

A

FIT - fecal immunochemical test

57
Q

Difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

58
Q

Discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upward along the esophagus

A

heart burn

59
Q

a painful burning sensation in the chest caused by gastroesophageal reflux

A

pyrosis

60
Q

Rupture of the stomach

A

gastrorrhexis

61
Q

Separates the stomach form the small intestine and controls the flow of food into the small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

62
Q

Surgical creation of a connection between the small intestine and the colon

A

anastomosis

63
Q

Surgical repair of the rectum

A

proctoplasty

64
Q

Temporary stoppage of intestinal peristalsis

A

ileus

65
Q

The passage of black stools containing digested blood

A

melena

66
Q

The protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall

A

inguinal hernia

67
Q

The surgical creation of an artificial opening into the stomach

A

gastrostomy

68
Q

The twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction

A

volvulus

69
Q

The visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum

A

proctoscopy

70
Q

vomiting

A

emesis

71
Q

vomiting blood

A

hematemesis

72
Q

scanty amount of urine

A

oliguria

73
Q

condition of blood in urine

A

hematuria

74
Q

condition of too much urine

A

polyuria

75
Q

condition of ketones in urine

A

ketonuria

76
Q

frequent nighttime urination

A

nocturia

77
Q

difficult urination

A

dysuria

78
Q

complete lack of urine secretion

A

anuria

79
Q

condition of pus in urine

A

pyuria

80
Q

bed-wetting at night

A

enuresis

81
Q

stones in the kidney

A

nephrolithiasis

82
Q

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

A

UTI

83
Q

pertaining to the kidney

A

renal

84
Q

procedure for removing toxic waste from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

A

hemodialysis

85
Q

condition of pus in the urine

A

pyuria

86
Q

condition of the stone in the ureter

A

urolithiasis

87
Q

the maximum amount of air that can be move

A

VC- vital capacity

88
Q

The amount of air that is left in the lung after a maximum expiration

A

residual volume (RB)

89
Q

The amount of air that can still be inhaled after a normal inspiration at rest

A

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

90
Q

The maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration at rest

A

inspiratory capacity (IC)

91
Q

The maximum amount of air that can be expired after a normal expiration at rest

A

Tidal volume

92
Q

What word describes the fragmenting of food by the teeth?

A

mastication

93
Q

What is another name for the throat?

A

pharynx

94
Q

What valve keeps food from going to the lungs?

A

epiglottis

95
Q

What is the name of the wave-like process that moves food down the esophagus?

A

peristalsis

96
Q

What is the semi-liquid food that leaves the stomach?

A

chyme

97
Q

What gland is located in the back of the stomach?

A

pancreas

98
Q

What liquid is produced by the liver?

A

bile

99
Q

What is the area of the small intestine called where liquids from the liver and pancreas meet?

A

duodenum

100
Q

What are the tiny finger-like projections in the small intestines?

A

villi

101
Q

What is found attached to the large intestine near its connection to the small intestine?

A

appendix

102
Q

What is the lower end of the large intestine called?

A

rectum

103
Q

enteric tissue is found in the

A

intestine

104
Q

The mucosal surface of the digestive organs is the

A

innermost tunic of wall// inner surface

105
Q

diverticula

A

small, bulging pouches that can form in the lining of your digestive system

106
Q

Dysphasia and dyspepsia and difficulty or pain with

A

swallowing and digestion.

107
Q

The buccal mucosa is in the

A

mouth, inside of the cheek.

108
Q

A gastroenterologist is a physician who specializes in study of

A

stomach, intestines, related structures

109
Q

The splenic and hepatic flexures are bends in the colon near the

A

spleen and liver

110
Q

Intestinal motility refers to

A

peristalsis

Medical English (4 decks)

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