Terminology Immunology and Infectious Disease

Question 1

__________ is any substance that the immune system recognizes as foreign (not self) or as self (MHC antigens)

Answer 1

antigen

Question 2

_______________ involves the production of specific types of cells (Tc) or specific antibodies to neutralize a particular antigen.

Answer 2

specific immunity

Question 3

_______________ refers to the binding of antigen by antibodies which are produced by descendants of B cells, called plasma cells

Answer 3

antibody mediated immunity

Question 4

_______________ refers to the destruction of antigen by cytotoxic T cells

Answer 4

cell mediated immunity

Question 5

___________ descendants of B cells, activated B cells enlarge, divide and differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells

Answer 5

plasma cell

Question 6

____________ a group of plasma proteins called immunoglobulins, grouped in five classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE)

Answer 6

antibodies

Question 7

____________ is a process in which complement or antibody proteins bind to the surface of a foreign substance to promote phagocytosis

Answer 7

opsonization

Question 8

____________ is clumping together of particles

Answer 8

agglutination

Question 9

_____________ antigens that can induce an allergic reaction

Answer 9

allergen

Question 10

_____________ the process that makes the susceptible individual react to the same allergen(s) with subsequent exposure

Answer 10

sensitization

Question 11

________________ excessive and abnormal susceptibility to the action of an antigen

Answer 11

hypersensitivity

Question 12

_________ means itchiness

Answer 12

pruritus

Question 13

_____________ is antigen-antibody complex

Answer 13

immune complex

Question 14

____________ is disease caused by invading microorganisms

Answer 14

infection

Question 15

_________ is a localized collection of pus from pyogenic bacteria (most common: staphylococcus aureus)

Answer 15

abscess

Question 16

___________ is bacteria circulating in the blood

Answer 16

bacteremia

Question 17

___________ is increased fluid within a joint cavity

Answer 17

joint effusion

Question 18

_______ is systemic inflammatory response to infection

Answer 18

sepsis

Question 19

________________ is poisoning by a pre-formed toxin

Answer 19

intoxication

Question 20

______________ is acquired infection in healthcare facility

Answer 20

nosocomial infections

Question 21

_______________ infection in immunocompromised individuals or while on antibiotics

Answer 21

opportunistic infection

Question 22

_______________ do not cause disease in healthy individuals, but cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals or those on antibiotics

Answer 22

virulence

Question 23

________________ is the time from when the pathogen enters the body until the first clinical symptoms appear

Answer 23

incubation period

Question 24

______________ after primary manifestation of the disease the pathogen remains dormant in the body

Answer 24

latent infection

Question 25

_______________ is the period of time when disease is contagious

Answer 25

period of communicability

Question 26

_______________ the ability of the immune system to carry out normal immune responses

Answer 26

immune competency

Question 27

__________ is opposition to a disease

Answer 27

resistance

Question 28

__________________ is pus forming

Answer 28

pyogenic or suppurative