Terminology Continued Flashcards
The prefix _______ means away from.
ab-
The suffix ______ means an instrument to visually examine.
-scope
The prefix _____ means elevated, while the prefix _____ means depressed.
Hyper-, hypo-
The suffix ______ means pertaining to.
-al, -ary, -ar, -ic
The suffix ______ means incision.
-tomy
The suffix ______ means abnormal condition.
-osis
The suffix ______ means separation or breaking into parts.
-lysis
The prefix ______ means below.
sub-
The prefix ______ means many.
Poly-
The prefix ______ means without or no
a-, an-
The suffix -algia means
pain
The prefix pre- means
Before
Which suffix may be part of the term meaning a procedure to visually examine?
-scopy
Which type of word part is always placed at the end of a term?
Suffix
Which type of word part is always placed at the beginning of a term?
Prefix
Which word part gives the essential meaning of a term?
Root
Which suffix means to rupture?
-rrhexis
Which prefix means around?
peri-
Lateral means
toward the side
The sagittal plane divides the body into
Left and right portions
The paw is _______ to the shoulder.
Distal
The transverse plane divides the body into
cranial and caudal portions
The lining of the abdominal cavity and some of its organs is called the
peritoneum
The study of structure, composition, and function of tissues is called
Histology
The medical term for lying down is
recumbent
The _____ plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral portions.
Dorsal
The medical term for increase in size of an organ, tissue, or cell is
Hypertrophy
The medical term for the caudal surface of the rear pay, hoof, or foot is
Plantar
The term for toward the midline is
Medial
The term for nearest the midline or the beginning of a structure is
Proximal
The term for away from the midline is
Lateral
The term that means toward the head is
Cranial
The term for farthest from the midline or beginning of a structure is
Distal
The term that refers to the back is
Dorsal
The term that means toward the tail
Caudal
Which type of tissue covers internal and external body surfaces?
Epithelial
The term for a hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs is
Cavity
A common name for the tarsus is the
Hock
The ______ joints are the freely moveable joints of the body
Synovial
The correct order of the vertebral segments is
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal
A _______ is a fibrous band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone.
Ligament
The acetabulum is the
Large socket in the pelvic bone
The 3 parts of the pelvis are
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
The digits contain bones that are called
phalanges
Components of the axial skeleton include
Skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.
Another term for growth plate is
Physis
Bones of the front limb include
Humerus, radius, ulna, carpal, metacarpal, and phalanges
Rectus means
straight
A term for when a muscle becomes shorter and thicker is
Contraction
A fibrous band of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone is
Tendon
Looseness is called
Laxity
A muscle that forms a tight band is called a
Sphincter
Protrusion of a body part through tissues that normally contain it is called a
Hernia
Abnormal condition or disease of muscle is called
Myopathy
The shaft of a long bone
Diaphysis
The manubrium is the
Cranial portion of the sternum
Which term describes the freely movable joints of the body?
Diarthroses
The opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass is a
Foramen
The acetabulum is commonly called the
Hip socket
Muscles located above the pelvic axis are called
Epaxial muscles
Muscles under voluntary control are known as
Skeletal
A muscle that bends a limb at its joint or decreases the joint angle is called a
Flexor
Another term for the distal interphalangeal joint in ungulates is
Coffin Joint
The proximal interphalangeal joint is called the
Pastern joint
The V shaped pad of soft horn between the bars on the sole of the equine hoof is known as the
Frog
The protrusions of the ischium bones just lateral to the base of the tail in ruminants are known as
Pins
The anatomical term for top of the head is the
Poll
The protrusions of the wing of the ilium on the dorsolateral area of ruminants are known as
Hooks
The common name for tarsal joint in animals is the
Hock
The hollow area of the flank is called the
Paralumbar Fossa
The side of the body between the ribs and ilium is called the
Flank
The mass of connective tissue, muscle, and fat covering the cranioventral part of the ruminant chest is the
Brisket
The upper lip and apex of the nose of swine is called the
Snout
The rudimentary first digit of dogs and cats is the
Dewclaw
The two nostrils and the muscles of the upper and lower lip are called the
Muzzle
The “knee” in people is known as what in animals?
Stifle joint
The auricle is also known as the
Pinna
In swine, the external throat, especially when fat or loose skin is present, is called the
Jowl
In equine, the region over the dorsum where the neck joins the thorax and where the dorsal margins of the scapula lie is called the
Withers
The lumbar region of the back is called the
Loin
The lateral or medial side of the hoof is the
Quarter
Mixing of ingesta in the intestine is called
Segmentation
Straining, painful defecation is called
Tenesmus
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen is called
Ascites
A tumor of the liver is a
Hepatoma
Telescoping of one part of the intestine into an adjacent part is called
Intussusception
Marked wasting or excessive leanness is
Emaciation
The small intestine is attached to the dorsal abdominal wall by the
Mesentery
Forced feeding or irrigation through a tube passed into the stomach is called
Gavage
Eating and licking of abnormal substances is called
Pica
Inflammation of the mouth is called
Stomatitis
The combining form for the first part of the large intestine is
Cec/o
The muscular, wavelike movement used to transport food through the digestive system is
Peristalsis
The part of the tooth that contains a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels is the
Pulp
The narrow passage between the stomach and the duodenum is the
Pylorus
Buccal means
Pertaining to the cheek
Incontinence means
Inability to control
Stomat/o means
Mouth
The term for erosion of tissue is
Ulcer
A drug used to prevent vomiting is known as an
Antiemetic
The formation of a new opening from the large intestine to the surface of the body is known as a
Colostomy
The combining forms for kidney are
Ren/o and Nephr/o
Retrograde means
Going backward
Inflammation of the kidney is
Nephritis
Examination of the components of urine is a
urinalysis
Insertion of a hollow tube through the urethra into the urinary bladder is called
Urinary catheterization
Inflammation of the urinary bladder is
Cystitis
The hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow is
Erythropoietin
UTI is the abbreviation for
Urinary Tract Infection
Stable internal environment is
Homeostasis
Oliguria means
Scanty or little urine
The term for frequent urination is
Pollakiuria
Diuretics are chemical substances that
Cause an increase in urine production
The triangular part of the urinary bladder is the
Trigone
A surgical incision into the urinary bladder is known as
Cystotomy
The term for production of urine is
Uropoiesis
The presence of urea or other nitrogenous elements in the blood is called
Azotemia
Inability to control excretory functions is
Incontinence
The medical term for excessive urination is
Polyuria
Obstruction of blood flow to the kidney(s) is
Renal infarction
The term that means no urine production is
Anuria
The right atrioventricular valve is also known as the
Tricuspid valve
Disease of the heart muscle is
Cardiomyopathy
Heart enlargement is
Cardiomegaly
The double-walled membranous sac enclosing the heart is the
Pericardium
Blood flow through tissue is
Perfusion
A partition or wall separating something is called a
Septum
A localized area of necrosis caused by an interrupted blood supply is
Infarct
The blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs are the
Pulmonary arteries
Introduction of whole blood or blood components into the bloodstream of the recipient is a
Transfusion
A bypass or diversion is called a
Shunt
Cor means
Heart
The contraction phase of the heartbeat is
Systole
A disease produced by treatment is known as
Iatrogenic
The term for external layer of the heart is the
Epicardium
The myocardium receives its blood supply from the
Coronary arteries
Which heart valve is also known as the bicuspid valve?
Mitral valve
Hemostasis means
Control of bleeding
Which heart chamber pumps blood to the lungs?
Right ventricle
A deficiency in blood supply is called
Ischemia
The opening in a vessel through which fluid flows is known as a
Lumen
The wall that divides the nasal cavity is called the
Nasal septum
Parts of the respiratory tract contain thin hairs called
Cilia
An abnormal condition of blue discoloration is called
Cyanosis
Inhaling a foreign substance into the upper respiratory tract is called
Aspiration
Hypoxia is
Below normal levels of oxygen
Snoring, squeaking, or whistling that suggest airway narrowing is known as
Stridor
Difficult breathing is known as
Dyspnea
Liquid that reduces alveolar surface tension is called
Surfactant
A condition following as a consequence of disease is a
Sequela
Pus in the chest cavity is called
Pyothorax
A substance that works against, controls, or stops a cough is an
Antitussive
Tapping various body surfaces with the finger or an instrument to determine sound density is known as
Percussion
Abnormal accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity is
Hemothorax
A growth or mass protruding from a mucous membrane is a
Polyp
The potential space between the parietal and the visceral pleura is the
Pleural space
Flexible air sacs where gas exchange occurs are
Alveoli
Tubes that bifurcate from the trachea are known as
Bronchi
A nosebleed is known as
Epistaxis
What acts as a lid over the entrance to the esophagus?
The epiglottis
What term means an abnormally rapid respiration
Tachypnea
Pruritus is commonly called
Itching
Skin redness is called
Erythema
Hypersensitivity reaction in animals involving pruritus with secondary dermatitis is called
Atopy
Hair loss resulting in hairless patches or complete lack of hair is called
Alopecia
A skin disease containing pus is
Pyoderma
Occupation and dwelling of parasites on the external skin surfaces is called
Infestation
Producing or containing pus is called
Purulent
Inflammation of connective tissue is
Cellulitis
The protein that provides skin with its waterproofing properties is known as
Keratin
Removal of tissue and foreign material to aid healing is
Debridement
A localized collection of pus is an
Abscess
Large tactile hair is
Vibrissa
A benign growth of fat cells is known as a
Lipoma
What term means pertaining to dead tissue?
Necrotic
A skin condition characterized by overproduction of sebum (oil) is known as
Seborrhea
What term means skin paleness?
Pallor
What term means erosion of skin or mucous membrane?
Ulcer
A tumor or growth of pigmented skin is a
Melanoma
The gland known as the master gland that helps maintain the appropriate levels of hormone in the body is the
Pituitary gland
Hypoadrenocorticism, a disorder caused by deficient adrenal cortex production of glucocorticoid, is also known as
Addison’s Disease
The chemical substance secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during parturition is
Oxytocin
A tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas is called
Insulinoma
The regulator of the endocrine system is the
Hypothalamus
Enlargement of the thyroid gland is
Thyromegaly
The chemical substance that helps maintain circadian rhythm is
Melatonin
Excessive mammary development in males is called
Gynecomastia
Surgical removal of a well-defined portion of an organ is a
Lobectomy
An aggregation of cells specialized to secrete or excrete materials not related to their function is a
Gland
What does the thyroid gland secrete?
Triidothyronin, thyroxine, calcitonin
What is another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Adenohypophysis
Which hormone transports blood glucose to the cells?
Insulin
Which hormone maintains water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidney?
Antidiuretic hormone
What is the name of the laboratory technique used to determine the amount of a particular substance in a sample?
Assay
An abnormally low blood glucose level is known as
Hypoglycemia
The condition of normal thyroid function is known as
Euthyroidism
Glucocorticoids are secreted by the
Adrenal cortex
The pituitary gland acts in response to stimuli from the
Hypothalamus
The word part that means to secrete or separate is
-crine
The inner layer of the uterus is called the
Endometrium
A false pregnancy is also called
Pseudocyesis
Copulation is also called
Coitus
The area between the vaginal orifice or scrotum and the anus is called the
Perineum
A condition of an individual having both ovarian and testicular tissue is called
Hermaphroditism
Pyometra is
Pus in the uterus
The act of giving birth is
Parturition
A difficult birth is
Dystocia
The innermost membrane enveloping the embryo in the uterus is the
Amnion
Attachment and embedding of the zygote in the uterus is
implantation
The ovum is the
female gamete
Reproductive organs, whether male or female, are called the
Genitals
The heat cycle in females is known as the
Estrous cycle
An enlarged part of a tube or canal is called an
Ampulla
In large animals, the mammary gland is called the
Udder
The term for surgical incision of the perineum and vagina to facilitate delivery of the fetus and to prevent damage to maternal structures is
Episiotomy
The female organ of mammals that develops during pregnancy and joins the mother and offspring for exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products is known as the
Placenta
An animal that has not been neutered is referred to as
Intact
Substances that produce change or create genetic abnormalities are known as
Teratogens
Another term for spay is
Ovariohysterectomy
The space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor is a
Synapse
Maintaining a constant internal environment is
Homeostasis
Inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve is
Radiculitis
The 3 layered membrane lining the CNS is called the
Meninges
The protective sheath that covers some nerve cells of the spinal cord, white matter of the brain, and most peripheral nerves is called
Myelin
The division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned with body functions under emergency or stress is the
Sympathetic
A network of intersecting nerves is a
Plexus
What type of neuron carries impulses away from the CNS and toward the muscles?
Efferent (motor)
An automatic, involuntary response to change is called a
Reflex
A knot-like mass of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system is known as a
Ganglion
A “depressed” animal is referred to as
Obtunded
The largest portion of the brain that is involved with thought and memory is the
Cerebrum
Elevated portions of the cerebral cortex are
Gyri
Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the spinal cord and brain is known as
Meningitis
The term meaning without pain is
Analgesia
Conscious proprioceptive deficit is commonly called
Knuckling
Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord is known as
Poliomyelitis
The term for without coordination or “stumbling” is
Ataxia
The medical term for crossing is
Chiasm
Small cavities in the brain are known as
Ventricles
The state of balance is
Equilibrium
Another term for earwax is
Cerumen
The outer or external ear is separated from the middle ear by the
Tympanic membrane
The fibrous tissue that maintains the shape of the eye is the
Sclera (white of the eye)
The instrument used to visually examine the ear is known as an
Otoscope
What is the name of the spiral shaped passage that leads from the oval window to the inner ear?
Cochlea
The term for corner of the eye is
Canthus
The region of the eye where nerve endings of the retina gather to form the optic nerve is called the
Optic disk
The colored muscular layer of the eye that surround the pupil is known as the
Iris
What eye structure is transparent and focuses light on the retina?
Lens
The meaning of palpebr/o is
Eyelid
Involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball is called
Nystagmus
A group of eye disorders resulting from increased intraocular pressure is
Glaucoma
Glaucoma usually is diagnosed by
Tonometry
The term for removal of a part is
Ablation
Opacity of the lens is called
Cataract
The term for pupillary dilation is
Mydriasis
The condition of normal tear production is
Lacrimation
The process of the lens bending the light ray to help focus the rays on the retina is called
Refraction
The fibrous layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eye and is continuous with this white of the eye is the
Cornea
Red blood cells are called
Erythrocytes
T cells are responsible for
Cell-mediated immunity
White blood cells are called
Leukocytes
B cells are responsible for
Humoral Immunity
An elevation in white blood cells is called
Leukocytosis
An immature, non-nucleated erythrocyte that is characterized by polychromasia is called a
Reticulocyte
An immature polymorphonuclear leukocyte is called a
Band cell
Lacteals are located in the
Small intestine (Lacteal = specialized lymph cells that transport fat and fat-soluble vitamins)
Lymph is also known as
Interstitial fluid
When a growth does not have well-defined borders, it is described as being
Invasive
Malignant neoplasms arising from connective tissue are know as
Sarcomas
What is the term for a malignant tumor of vascular tissue?
Hemangiosarcoma
A malignant tumor that developed from epithelial tissue is known as a
Squamous cell carcinoma
The spleen is
a) hemolytic
b) A storage area for RBC’s
c) an organ where lymphocytes are differentiated
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
A deficiency in white blood cells is known as
Leukopenia
Larger than normal RBC’s are described as being
Macrocytic
Breaking down blood cells is known as
Hemolysis
A substance that prevents clotting is known as an
Anticoagulant
What term is used to describe the condition in which microorganisms and their toxins are present in the blood?
Septicemia
The name for a disease-fighting protein produced by the body in response to a particular foreign substance is
Anitbody
The term for relief of a condition but not a cure is
Palliative
Examination by tapping the surface to determine density of a body area is called
Percussion
Pertaining to fever is
Febrile
The percentage of RBC’s in blood is called a
Hematocrit (aka crit or PCV - packed cell volume)
A machine that spins samples very rapidly to separate elements based on weight is a
Centrifuge
A disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans is said to be
Zoonotic
The quality of appearing white or light gray on a radiograph is called
Radiopaque
What is the term for the ultrasound property of producing adequate levels of reflection (echoes) when sound waves are returned to the transducer and displayed?
Echoic
The determination of cause of disease is
Diagnosis
A set of signs that occur together is called a
Syndrome
The medical term for sphere is
Coccus
Examination by feeling is
Palpation
Surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas for diagnostic purposes or for treatment is known as
Centesis
The acronym used to describe a unit by which absorption of ionizing radiation is measured is
rad
Clumping of cells is known as
Agglutination
The medical term for prevention is
Prophylaxis
A decrease in body temperature is known as
Hypothermia
The term for having a short course is
Acute
The description of an animal with information about the animal including species, breed, age, and sexual status is called the animal’s
Signalment
The study of disease causes is
Etiology
A monovalent vaccine, antiserum, or antitoxin is one that is developed for
One organism
A device by which a channel may be established for the exit of fluids from a wound is a
Drain
A saw-like edge or border is a
Serration
Hydrophilic substances are
Water-loving substances
Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane along its concentration gradient is
Osmosis
Another name for an eyeless needle is
Swaged
Substances that control itching are called
Antipruritic
The term for an excessive level of sodium in the blood is
Hypernatremia
To surgically cut out is to
Excise
The abbreviation for nothing orally is
NPO
The surgical term for side by side placement is
Apposition
A solution that is less concentrated than what it is being compared with is known as
Hypotonic
An emetic substance is a substance that
Induces vomiting
The route of drug administration via the gastrointestinal tract is
Nonparenteral
The term meaning to tie or strangulate is
Ligate
The graded locking portion of an instrument located near the finger rings is the
Ratchet
A needle that has a rounded tip is called a
Taper needle
An instrument that controls bleeding is a
Hemostat
Irrigation with fluids is called
Lavage
The abbreviation bid stands for
Twice daily
The term meaning ingestion of feces is
Coprophagy
Devocalization in dogs is commonly called
Debarking
The term for more than normal number of digits is
Polydactyly
The pouches that store an oily, foul-smelling fluid in dogs and cats are called
Anal Sacs
Cats that have white paws are said to have
Gloves
A cat with 3 colors of fur is called a
Calico
A male animal used for breeding purposes is known as a
Stud
Urinating on objects to mark territory is called
Spraying
Inflammation of fat is
Steatitis
The large, shearing cheek tooth in dogs is commonly called a
Carnassial Tooth
A fur coat that has guard hairs with darker tips is a
Ticked coat
A mixed breed of animal is called a
Mongrel
Feline claws can be drawn back because they are
Retractile
A wild animal is called
Feral
Cats ovulate as a result of sexual activity and are called
Induced ovulators
The common term for removing a retained placenta in a cow is
Cleaning a cow
An individual housing pen for calves is called a
Hutch
The inedible visceral organs and unusable tissues removed from the carcass of a slaughtered animal are the
Offal
The common term for llama copulation is
Cushing
The term for shaving off wool, hair, or fur is
Shearing
Another term for wool is
Fleece
What is the name of the passageway that takes milk from the teat cistern to the outside of the udder?
Streak canal
What is the term for the restraint device that secures cattle around the neck to allow accessibility for milking, feeding, and examining?
Stanchion
The amount of food consumed by livestock in a 24 hour period is its
Ration
The hypocalcemic metabolic disorder of ruminants that is seen in late pregnancy or early lactation is
Parturient paresis
The mechanical device that is used to restrain cattle is a
Chute
The appendage suspended from the head of goats is the
Wattle
Removing an animal from the rest because it does not meet a specific standard is known as
Culling
A large group of sheep is a
Band
The mating of dissimilar breeds to increase productivity and performance in the next generation is known as
Hybrid Vigor
Roughage plants that have nitrogen-fixing nodules on their roots are
Legumes
The behavior in which a camelid propels saliva at an animal or person who is perceived to be a threat is called
Spitting
The term for adult goat meat is
chevon
The type of roughage feed produced by fermenting chopped plant parts is
Silage
What is the term for the spaces in the bird respiratory tract that store air and provide buoyancy for flight?
Air sacs
A body or flight feather is known as a
Contour feather
The caudal nares (also called the cleft in the hard palate of birds) are called the
Choana
The voice organ of birds is the
Syrinx
The sternum, or breastbone, of some birds is the
Keel
The primary wing feathers are known as
Remiges
The esophageal enlargement that stores, moistens, and softens food in some birds is the
Crop
The process of casting off feathers before replacement feathers appear is known as
Molting
A young bird that has recently acquired its flight feathers is known as a
Fledgling
The glandular stomach of birds is the
Proventriculus
Large, flightless birds used for their meat and hides are
Ratites
Finches are examples of what type of bird?
Passeriformes
Cockatiels and cockatoos are examples of what type of bird?
Psittacines
Doves are examples of what type of bird?
Columbiformes
A stick or dowel on which a caged bird sits is called a
Perch
Which type of feather has a blood supply running through it that if broken can lead to heavy bleeding?
Pin
The common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive systems in birds is the
Cloaca
The rope-like structure that holds the yolk to the center of the egg is the
Chalaza
The wishbone in birds is the
Furcula
The external opening of the cloaca in birds is the
Vent
The ventral region of a turtle shell is the
Plastron
A term for germ-free is
Axenic
The canine tooth in a horse that is usually found only in males also is called the
Tush
The first teeth that an animal develops are its
Milk Teeth
