Terminology + Cell Cycle

Question 1

Define DNA

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid)

is the information carrying molecule located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Question 2

Structure of DNA

Answer 2

Long chain of nucleotide building blocks
Pair of nucleotide chains twist together to form double helix
4 different nucleotide building blocks: Adenosine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)
A & T G & C

Question 3

Define a chromosome

Answer 3

Condensed, coiled up molecules of DNA that contain thousands of genes that are found in nucleus of eukaryotic cell

Question 4

Define a gene

Answer 4

Segment of DNA molecule that encodes for a specific piece of information/trait (e.g. the gene for eye colour)

Question 5

Define a diploid (2n) and a haploid (n)

Answer 5

Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome (2n)
Human somatic (body) cells = 46 chromosomes

Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes (n)
Human gametes (sex cells) = 23 chromosomes

Question 6

Define Asexual reproduction

Answer 6

Production of offspring from single parent; genetic makeup of offspring identical to parent

Question 7

Define sexual reproduction

Answer 7

Production of offspring from fusion of two sex cells (usually from two different parents); genetic makeup of offspring is different from either parent
Advantages?
Variable offspring and traits to adapt to change

Question 8

Define the cell cycle and name the stages

Answer 8

The cell cycle is a continuous sequence of cell growth and division for all body (somatic) cells
The cell cycle consists of three stages:
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

Question 9

What happens during Interphase?

Answer 9

There are three stages in interphase:
G1 phase: growth
S phase: synthesis of DNA
Chromatin replicate to form sister chromatids (identical to original chromosome)
G2 phase: growth

Question 10

What happens during Mitosis?

Answer 10

material in nucleus divided equally into two new nuclei
There are four stages in mitosis
Prophase: Chromotin coils to form chromosome
Metaphase:
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 11

What happens during cytokinesis?

Answer 11

The division of the cytoplasm and organelles

Occurs after mitosis