Terminology, cartilage and tissues Flashcards
what are the four major tissue types?
- Epithelial Tissue (= epithelium; covers surfaces of the body and some organs)
- Connective Tissue (supports body)
- Muscle Tissue (movement of body parts)
- Nervous Tissue (communication and control of body parts)
what is the epithelium?
epithelium tissue covers the surface of the body, body cavities and internal organs
what are the six functions of epithelium?
- protection of underlying tissues
- secretion (release of molecules from cells)
- Absorption (bring smaller molecules across concentration gradient)
- diffusion (movement of molecules across concentration gradient)
- filtration (passage of small molecules through a membrane)
- sensory reception
where is epithelial tissue present ?
throughout the whole body
what are the four main classes of connective tissue?
- connective tissue proper - loose and dense connective tissues
functions as a binding tissue - cartilage - hyaline-, elastic-, and fibro-cartilage
functions to cushion, supports body structures - bone tissue - compact bone, spongy bone;
functions in support, storage of nutrients - blood
functions in transportation
what are the three types of muscle tissue?
- cardiac muscle - wall of heart
- skeletal muscle - throughout body
- smooth muscle - walls of hollow viscera
describe anatomical position
- standing upwrite
- eyes forward
- arms by side
- palms forward, thumbs away from body
- feet flat and parallel
- neutral and relaxed
what does superior mean?
superior (cranial) - towards the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
e.g. the head is superior to the abdomen
what does inferior mean?
away from the head towards the lower parts of the body. e.g. the intestines are inferior to the liver
what does medial mean?
toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
e.g. the heart is medial to the lungs
what does lateral mean?
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
e.g. The thumn is lateral to the pinky
what does proximal mean?
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
e.g the elbow is proximal to the wrist
what does distal mean?
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachemnt of a limb to the body trunk
the knee is distal to the thigh
what does ipsilateral mean?
on the same side
e.g. the right hand and right foot are ipsilateral
what does contralateral mean?
on opposite sides; the right hand and left foot are contralateral
