Terminology and the body plan Flashcards
refers to a person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward
Anatomical position
A person is ___when lying face upward
supine
__ when lying face downward
prone
describe parts of the body relative to each other
Directional terms
____ are retained as directional terms in anatomical terminology.
Right and left
Up is replaced by ___
superior
down by___
inferior
front by ___
anterior
back by ____
posterior
superior is synonymous with ____which means toward the head
cephalic
the term inferior is synonymous with ___ which means toward the tail
caudal
head is the highest point. In humans
Cephalic
located at the end of the vertebral column if humans had tails
Caudal
surface of the human body is therefore the ____,
ventral surface
posterior and ___means “back”.
dorsal
____means “nearest”
Proximal
___ means “distant.”
distal
___ means “toward the midline,”
Medial
___ means “away from the midline.”
lateral
___ describes a structure close to the surface of the body
Superficial
___ is toward the interior of the body
deep
The central region of the body consists of
head, neck, and trunk
trunk can be divided into
thorax, abdomen, and pelvis
chest
thorax
region between the thorax and pelvis
abdomen
the inferior end of the trunk associated with the hips
pelvis
The upper limb is divided into
arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.
extends from the shoulder to the elbow
arm
extends from the elbow to the wrist
forearm
The lower limb is divided into
thigh, leg, ankle, and foot
extends from the hip to the knee
thigh
extends from the knee to the ankle
leg
divides, or sections, the body, making it possible to “look inside” and observe the body’s structures
plane
runs vertically through the body, separating it into right and left portions.
sagittal plane
means “the flight of an arrow” and refers to the way the body would be split by an arrow passing anteriorly to posteriorly.
sagittal plane
is a sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves
median plane
runs parallel to the ground, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions
transverse (horizontal) plane
runs vertically from right to left and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
frontal (coronal) plane
A cut through the long axis of the organ is a
longitudinal section
a cut at right angles to the long axis is a
transverse (cross) section
If a cut is made across the long axis at other than a right angle
oblique section
trunk contains three large cavities that do not open to the outside of the body
thoracic, the abdominal, and the pelvic cavities
surrounds the thoracic cavity, and the muscular diaphragm separates it from the abdominal cavity
rib cage
The thoracic cavity is divided into right and left parts by a median partition called the
mediastinum (middle wall)
The mediastinum contains
heart, the thymus, the trachea, the esophagus, and other structures, such as blood vessels and nerves
The two lungs are located on each side of the
mediastinum
Abdominal muscles primarily enclose the
abdominal cavity
abdominal cavity, which contains
stomach, the intestines, the liver, the spleen, the pancreas, and the kidneys.
Pelvic bones encase the small space known as the
pelvic cavity
where the urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, and the internal reproductive organs are housed
pelvic cavity
abdominal and pelvic cavities are not physically separated and sometimes are called the
abdominopelvic cavity.
