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MC1: Introduction > Cells, tissues, glands, and membranes > Flashcards

Cells, tissues, glands, and membranes Flashcards

1
Q

the structural and functional units of all living organisms

A

Cells

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2
Q

They are the smallest independent units of life with different parts that perform their own function.

A

Cells

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3
Q

Substances such as water, electrolytes and nutrients move in and out of a cell utilizing

A

transport system

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4
Q

There is constant movement of fluid and electrolytes between the intracellular and extracellular compartments. The movement of fluid and electrolytes ensures that the cells receive a constant supply of electrolytes, such as sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, phosphates, bicarbonate and calcium, for cellular function

A

Cells

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5
Q

The cell consists of four basic parts:

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
organelles

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6
Q

characteristic functions of the cell include the following:

A

Cell metabolism and energy use
Synthesis of molecules
Communication
Reproduction and inheritance

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7
Q

Lipid bilayer composed of phopholipids and cholesterol; proteins extend across or are embedded in either surface of the lipid bilayer

A

Plasma membrane

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8
Q

Functions as the outer boundary of cells, controls the entry and exit of substances; receptor proteins function in intercellular communication; marker molecules enable cells to recognize one another

A

PPlasma membrane

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9
Q

Enclosed by nuclear envelope, a double membrane with nuclear pores; contains chromatin (dispersed, thin strands of DNA and associated proteins), which condenses to become visible mitotic chromosomes during cell division; also contains one or more nucleoli, dense bodies consisting of ribosomal RNA and proteins.

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Is the control center of the cell; DNA within regulates protein synthesis and therefore the chemical reactions of the cell

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

__ RNA and proteins from large and small subnits; some are attached to ER, whereas others are distributes throught the cytoplasm

A

Ribosome

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12
Q

Serves as site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosome

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13
Q

Membranous tubules and flattened sacs with attached ribosomes

A

Rough ER

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14
Q

Synthesizes proteins and transports them to golgi apparatus

A

Rough ER

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15
Q

Membranous tubules and flattened sacs with no attached ribosomes

A

Smooth ER

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16
Q

Manufactures lipids and carbohydrates; detoxifies harmful chemicals; stores calcium

A

Smooth ER

17
Q

Flattened membrane sacs stacked on each other

A

Golgi apparatus

18
Q

Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use

A

Golgi apparatus

19
Q

Membrane-bound vesicle pinched off golgi apparatus

A

Lysosomes

20
Q

Contains digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

21
Q

Membrane-bound vesicle

A

Peroxisome

22
Q

Serves as one site of lipid and amino acid degradation; breaks down hydrogen preoxide

A

Peroxisome

23
Q

Tubelike protein complexes in the cytoplasm

A

Proteasomes

24
Q

Break down proteins in the cytoplasm.

A

Proteasomes

25
Q

Spherical, rod-shaped, or threadlike structures; enclosed by double membrane; inner membrane forms projections called

A

Cristae

26
Q

Spherical, rod-shaped, or threadlike structures; enclosed by double membrane; inner membrane forms projections called Cristae

A

Mitochondria

27
Q

Are major sites of ATP synthesis when oxygen is available.

A

Mitochondria

28
Q

Pair of cylindrical organelles in the centrosome, consisting of triplets of parallel microtubules

A

Centrioles

29
Q

Serve as a centers for microtubules formation; determine cell polarity during cell division; form the basal bodies of cilia and flagella

A

Centrioles

30
Q

Extensions of the plasma membrane containing doublets of parallel microtubules; 10 nanometer in length

A

Cilia

31
Q

Move materials over the surface of cells

A

Cilia

32
Q

Extension of the plasma membrane containing doublets of parallel microtubules; 55 nanometer in length

A

Flagellum

33
Q

In humans, propels spermatozoa

A

Flagellum

34
Q

Extension of the plasma membrane containing microfilaments

A

Microvilli

35
Q

Increase surface area of the plasma membrane for absorption and secretion; modified to form sensory receptors

A

Microvilli

MC1: Introduction (13 decks)

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