Terminology and Skeletal System Flashcards
How many bones are in the body?
206
What are the two types of bone ?
Axial and Appendicular
What bones are considered Axial bones?
Bones of the head, back(including vertebrae) and chest
Axial like the mid axis of the body
What bones are considered Appendicular bones?
Are the bones related to movement of limbs(Appendicular as in appendages) like arms, legs, and pelvis
What are the two structural classifications of bone?
Spongy(trabecular) and compact bone.
is bone dynamic or static?
Bone is dynamic and gets thicker where there is more stress and force.
What are skeletal articulations?
when two bones come together AKA a joint
what are the types of joints based on the materials that join the bones?
-Fibrous
-Cartilaginous or fibrocartilaginous
-Synovial
(going from least to most mobility)
What are the types of fibrous joints?
- Suture(like between the skull bones)
- Syndesmosis (like between the forearm muscles)
- Gomphosis( between the alveolar bone and teeth)
What are the types of cartilaginous joints?
- Synchondrosis (Primary cartilaginous joint)
- Symphysis( secondary cartilaginous joint )
Synchondrosis
When there is hylain cartilage between bone mainly when there is an epiphyseal growth plate in growing individuals.
Does not persist into adulthood
Symphysis
Cartilage between bones that persists in adults.
like the pelvis and between intervertebral discs
Common features of synovial joints.
- Joint capsule of fibrous tissue encloses the cavity
- Synovial membrane lining the capsule(deep to the capsule)
- Synovial fluid covering joint surfaces
- usually hyaline cartilage covering joint surfaces.
Types of Synovial joints based on axis of movement
- No clear axis of motion
- ——–Plane(gliding)
- Uniaxial
- ——–Hinge(bending)
- ——–Pivot(rotating)
- Biaxial
- ——–Condyloid
- ——–Saddle
- Triaxial
- ——–Ball and Socket
Ligaments
Fibrous connective tissue between TWO BONES to keep them stable
Tendon
Fibrous connective tissue between MUSCLE and BONE to allow the bone to move.
Fibrocartilaginous disks, plates or menisci
give structural intregrity in joints with lot of pressure or force.
Bursae
Fluid filled sac that resides between structures to help move compact areas with a lot of movement like the shoulder
Periarticular arterial anastomoses
A network of arteries around an articular bone surface
Hilton’s Law
A joint’s blood and nerve supply is the same that supply the muscles around it.
Word to describe to describe muscle attachment to bone
Proxial or distal attachment relative to a certain structure
Intrinsic muscles
Muscles that stay within a particular structure
Extrinsic muscles
Muscles that has one attachment outside region(or structure) of interest
How to describe movement?
Using the movement(flexion or extension) and using the name of the body segement,bone and/or joint i.e. Fexion of arm flexion of shoulder flexion of humerus
ABduction vs ADduction
ABduction if away from midline in a coronal or horizontal plane
ADduction is towards the midline in a coronal or horizontal plane
Cervical spine movement
Lateral flexion(side to side, Ear to shoulder) Rotation(like looking left and right or the movement of NO
TMJ movement
Elevation/depression(closing and opening mouth respectively)
Protrusion/retrusion(Like going into class-II and class-III occlusion)
rotational movement
Medial(internal rotation towards midline
Lateral(external) rotation away from midline
Osteo- vs Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis is from wear and can be unilateral
Rheumatoid Arthritis is autoimmune and is systemic
