Terminology and Skeletal System

Question 1

How many bones are in the body?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

What are the two types of bone ?

Answer 2

Axial and Appendicular

Question 3

What bones are considered Axial bones?

Answer 3

Bones of the head, back(including vertebrae) and chest

Axial like the mid axis of the body

Question 4

What bones are considered Appendicular bones?

Answer 4

Are the bones related to movement of limbs(Appendicular as in appendages) like arms, legs, and pelvis

Question 5

What are the two structural classifications of bone?

Answer 5

Spongy(trabecular) and compact bone.

Question 6

is bone dynamic or static?

Answer 6

Bone is dynamic and gets thicker where there is more stress and force.

Question 7

What are skeletal articulations?

Answer 7

when two bones come together AKA a joint

Question 8

what are the types of joints based on the materials that join the bones?

Answer 8

-Fibrous
-Cartilaginous or fibrocartilaginous
-Synovial
(going from least to most mobility)

Question 9

What are the types of fibrous joints?

Answer 9

• Suture(like between the skull bones)
• Syndesmosis (like between the forearm muscles)
• Gomphosis( between the alveolar bone and teeth)

Question 10

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 10

• Synchondrosis (Primary cartilaginous joint)

- Symphysis( secondary cartilaginous joint )

Question 11

Synchondrosis

Answer 11

When there is hylain cartilage between bone mainly when there is an epiphyseal growth plate in growing individuals.
Does not persist into adulthood

Question 12

Symphysis

Answer 12

Cartilage between bones that persists in adults.

like the pelvis and between intervertebral discs

Question 13

Common features of synovial joints.

Answer 13

• Joint capsule of fibrous tissue encloses the cavity
• Synovial membrane lining the capsule(deep to the capsule)
• Synovial fluid covering joint surfaces
• usually hyaline cartilage covering joint surfaces.

Question 14

Types of Synovial joints based on axis of movement

Answer 14

• No clear axis of motion
• ——–Plane(gliding)
• Uniaxial
• ——–Hinge(bending)
• ——–Pivot(rotating)
• Biaxial
• ——–Condyloid
• ——–Saddle
• Triaxial
• ——–Ball and Socket

Question 15

Ligaments

Answer 15

Fibrous connective tissue between TWO BONES to keep them stable

Question 16

Tendon

Answer 16

Fibrous connective tissue between MUSCLE and BONE to allow the bone to move.

Question 17

Fibrocartilaginous disks, plates or menisci

Answer 17

give structural intregrity in joints with lot of pressure or force.

Question 18

Bursae

Answer 18

Fluid filled sac that resides between structures to help move compact areas with a lot of movement like the shoulder

Question 19

Periarticular arterial anastomoses

Answer 19

A network of arteries around an articular bone surface

Question 20

Hilton’s Law

Answer 20

A joint’s blood and nerve supply is the same that supply the muscles around it.

Question 21

Word to describe to describe muscle attachment to bone

Answer 21

Proxial or distal attachment relative to a certain structure

Question 22

Intrinsic muscles

Answer 22

Muscles that stay within a particular structure

Question 23

Extrinsic muscles

Answer 23

Muscles that has one attachment outside region(or structure) of interest

Question 24

How to describe movement?

Answer 24

Using the movement(flexion or extension) and using the name of the body segement,bone and/or joint
i.e.
Fexion of arm
flexion of shoulder
flexion of humerus

Question 25

ABduction vs ADduction

Answer 25

ABduction if away from midline in a coronal or horizontal plane
ADduction is towards the midline in a coronal or horizontal plane

Question 26

Cervical spine movement

Answer 26

Lateral flexion(side to side, Ear to shoulder)
Rotation(like looking left and right or the movement of NO

Question 27

TMJ movement

Answer 27

Elevation/depression(closing and opening mouth respectively)

Protrusion/retrusion(Like going into class-II and class-III occlusion)

Question 28

rotational movement

Answer 28

Medial(internal rotation towards midline

Lateral(external) rotation away from midline

Question 29

Osteo- vs Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 29

Osteoarthritis is from wear and can be unilateral

Rheumatoid Arthritis is autoimmune and is systemic