Lungs & Heart Flashcards
Where is trachea located?
In the superior mediastinum
What is the airway called after it bifurcates and where does it go?
Main( primary) bronchi.
One going to each lung entering at the hilum
What is the difference between the right and the left bronchus?
The right is wider, shorter and runs more vertically than the left.
What is the carina?
It is the middle cartilaginous ring at he bifurcation of the bronchi.
What are the divisions and lobes of the lungs?
-The right lung has 3 lobes (superior, medial, and inferior) which is split by the horizontal fissure and the oblique fissure.
The left lung has 2 lobes(superior and inferior) which is divided by the oblique fissure.
Is the apex of the lungs in the rib cage?
No, The apex(top of the lung) sticks out superior to the level of the clavicle
Describe the pulmonary circulation.
The right ventricle pumps the deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk which divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries(deoxy) which subdivide into the lubar and segmental arteries in the lungs. After going through the capillaries and undergoing gas exchange the oxygenated blood goes via the 4 pulmonary veins into the left atrium.
What supplies the supporting tissue of the lungs and the visceral pleura?
Bronchial arteries
Where do the bronchial arteries come from?
They are typically branches off the thoracic aorta
Where is the blood from the bronchial arteries drained?
Some is drained into the bronchial veins and the rest is drained by the pulmonary veins.
Where is the apex of the heart?
It is the inferior left tip of the heart.
What are the layers of the pericardium?
Outer fibrous layer, then the 2 serous pericardial layers, parietal and visceral, going superficial to deep.
How do the pericardial sinuses form?
They are a developmental consequence of the folding of the primordial heart tube and resulting reflections of the serous pericardium
Surgical significance of the transverse pericardial sinus.
One it is opened anteriorly, a finger can be passed through it. It can be used to clamp off or divert blood flow of large arteries while performing surgery
Features of the Right atrium
- Pectinate muscles
- Crista Terminalis
- Opening of the coronary sinus
- Fossa ovalis
- Right auricle
Features of the Right ventricle
- chordae tendinae
- Papillary muscle
- Trabeculae carnae
- moderator band
- Tricuspid valve
- Pulmonary valve
Branches of the right coronary arteries
- Sinoatrial nodal artery
- Posterior interventricular artery
- Right marginal artery
Branches of the left coronary arteries
- Anterior interventricular artery(LAD/left anterior descending)
- Circumflex
Origin and function of the coronary arteries
Ascending aorta
perfuse blood to the heart muscles
What are the cardiac veins that drain into the coronary sinus?
- Great cardiac vein
- Middle cardiac vein
- Small cardiac vein
What artery pairs with the Great cardiac vein?
Anterior interventricular artery
What artery pairs with the small cardiac vein?
-Right marginal artery
What artery pairs with the middle cardiac vein?
-Posterior interventricular artery
