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NSCI 201 > Terminology, Anatomy and Techniques > Flashcards

Terminology, Anatomy and Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

Define the unity of function principle.

A

A neural system is defined by the ensemble of connections dedicated to its specialized function.

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2
Q

What does allow the calcium imaging technique?

A

Tracking APs.

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3
Q

How are optogenetics particularly useful?

A

They allow to trigger very precise parts of neural circuits (by light excitation).

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4
Q

What is a topographic organization?

A

A point-to-point correspondance between sensory periphery and neurons’ inputs within CNS.

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5
Q

What is a neuronal nucleus?

A

Clearly distinguishable mass of neurons, usually deep in the brain.

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6
Q

What is a neuronal substantia?

A

Related neurons with less clear boundaries than nucleus.

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7
Q

What differentiates a neuronal tract from a neuronal bundle?

A

The axons inside of tract share a common origin and destination. Similarly, neurons of a bundle travel together, but in contrast, do not necessarily share a common origin and destination.

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8
Q

True or false: the ventral root is the entrance to spinal cord for sensory information carried by afferents axons of spinal nerves.

A

False: it is the dorsal root.

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9
Q

True or false: the midbrain is located below the pons.

A

False: above the pons.

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10
Q

What could arise from damage to corpus callosum?

A

The brain hemispheres could no longer communicate.

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11
Q

Who am I: a relay for all sensory pathways (except the olfactory one) before they reach the cerebral cortex?

A

The thalamus.

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12
Q

Arrange the anatomical parts of the CNS in the right order, from superior to inferior: Pons, Spinal cord, Medulla, Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Midbrain.

A

Cerebrum > Diencephalon >Midbrain >Pons >Medulla >Spinal cord

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13
Q

On the coronal axis of the CNS, arrange the anatomical parts of the spinal cord from distal to proximal: Spinal ganglion, Spinal nerve, Ventral root, Ventral horn, Lateral column, Dorsal column.

A

Spinal nerve >Spinal ganglion >Ventral root >Lateral column >Ventral horn > Dorsal column.

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14
Q

Who am I: I’m an invasive neuroimaging technique producing 3D images of brain activity.

A

PET

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15
Q

True or False: fMRI is a direct measure of neuronal brain activity.

A

False: indirect because it tracts the oxygen levels, not the neuronal impulses themselves.

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16
Q

Give one strength and one limitation to EEG.

A

Strength: good temporal res.
Limitation: poor spatial res.

17
Q

Neuroimaging technique used to assess the state of brain tissues.

A

MRI

18
Q

What are the primary functions of the brainstem (3) and cranial nerves?

A
  • Deal with sensory and motor function of head and neck
  • “Throughway” for ascending/descending information in the spinal cord and local sensory/motor tracts
  • Regulating levels of consciousness
19
Q

How is sensory and motor information separated in the brainstem?

A
  • Sensory nuclei are found laterally

- Motor nuclei are found more medially

20
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Cell bodies in the brain, they appear grey in freshly dissected brain

21
Q

What is a cortex

A

Thin sheets of neurons, usually at the brains surface

22
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Clearly distinguishable mass of neurons, usually deep in the brain

23
Q

What is substantia?

A

RELATED NEURONS BUT WITH LESS DISTINCT BOUNDARIES THAN A NUCLEUS

24
Q

WHAT IS A LOCUS?

A

small, well defines group of cells

25
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Collection of neurons in the PNS, there is only the basal ganglia in the CNS

26
Q

What is a nerve?

A

Bundle of axons in the PNS. Only nerve in the CNS is the optic nerve

27
Q

What is white matter?

A

axons

28
Q

What is a tract?

A

Collection of CNS axons that have the same origin and destination

29
Q

What is a bundle?

A

Collection of axons that run together but don’t have the same origin or destination

30
Q

What is a capsule?

A

axon collection that connects cerebrum with brainstem

31
Q

what is a commissure?

A

Axon collection that connects one side of the brain with the other

32
Q

What is a lemniscus?

A

A tract that meanders through the brain like a ribbon

NSCI 201 (14 decks)

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