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Maternal Child > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

ECD

A

Endocardial cushion defect

Fails to form properly

Holes in atrial and ventricular wall and tricuspid and mitral valves form together as a large valve

Often seen in Down’s syndrome

Repaired surgically

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2
Q

ECD s/s

A 
Shortness of breath
Respiratory distress
Periorbital edema 
Failure to thrive 
Resp infections
Distended liver
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3
Q

ECD diagnosis

A

Heart murmur
Chest X-ray
ECG

Confirmation:
Echocardiogram
Cardiac catheterization
MRI

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4
Q

Gravid

A

Pregnant

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5
Q

Gravida

A

Pregnant woman

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6
Q

Gravidity

A

Number of times woman has been pregnant

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7
Q

Parity

A

Number of pregnancies carried to 24 weeks

Ex para 1

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8
Q

Striae

A

Stretch marks

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9
Q

Braxton Hicks

A

Contractions are irregular and painless

16th week gestation

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10
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

Bluish discoloration of cervix, vagina, labia

Increased blood flow

Present as early sign of pregnancy

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11
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Abnormal absence of period

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12
Q

Hyperemesis gravidarum

A

Severe nausea and vomiting

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13
Q

Leopolds maneuver

A

Determine position of fetus inside women’s uterus

Estimate term fetal weight

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14
Q

Colostrum

A

Breast fluid that precedes breast milk

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15
Q

Quickening

A

Fetal movement

2nd trimester

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16
Q

Lightening

A

38 weeks

Fetal head settles into pelvic cavity moving uterus downward

Beginning of engagement

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17
Q

Doppler

A

Ultrasounds stethoscope

Locate fetal heart sounds

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18
Q

Fetoscope

A

Usually used if avoiding Doppler

Still need to palpate women abdomen accurately to determine fetal position and locate fetal shoulder

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19
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Invasive procedure

Removal of amniotic fluid

Needle inserted into maternal abdomen and into amniotic sac

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20
Q

Maternal Serum Alpha Fetal Protein (MSFAP)

A

Plasma protein produced by fetus in mothers blood

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21
Q

Human chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

A

Diagnose pregnancy

Produced by trophoblast (outer layer of blastocyst)

Maintains corpus luteum (ovarian follicular left after ovulation)

Keep levels of estrogen and progesterone until placenta has developed

Van limit maternal immune response

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22
Q

LMP

A

Last normal menstrual period

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23
Q

Menarche

A

First period

12.5 average age

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24
Q

Nagle’s rule

A

Calculating due date of pregnancy when assuming 280 days gestational

Expected date of delivery (EDD)

Add a year, subtract 3 mo, add 7 days to gestational age

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25
Q

Fundal height

A

Uterine size

Correlates with fetal growth

22-34 weeks gestation

Tape measure and finger breadths above umbilicus (only works with same examiner)

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26
Q

Bishops score

A

Cervix score

Pre labor scoring system

Prediction if induction is needed

Also assessed likelihood of preterm delivery

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27
Q

Friedman’s curve

A

Average time it takes to dilate each centimeter

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28
Q

Cervical dilation

A

Opening of cervix

Entrance of uterus

Natural or induced

Occurs during childbirth, miscarriage, abortion, gynecological surgery

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29
Q

Effacement

A

Cervical ripening

Thinning of cervix

Component of Bishop score

Percentage

*thick of elastic stretching and thinning out

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30
Q

Station

A

Extent of fetal descent through maternal pelvis

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31
Q

Pap smear

A

Cervical cancer

Collection of cells

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32
Q

Progesterone

A

Produced by corpus luteum

Supply oxygen and nutritents to endometrium

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33
Q

Amniotic fluid use

A

Inside the amnion

Barrier from infection

Growth and development, protection from mechanical injury, body temp regulation, symmetrical fetal growth, prevent adherence of amnion to fetus, musculoskeletal development

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34
Q

Amniotic fluid appearance

A

3 weeks

30 mL- 10 weeks

800 mL- 24 weeks

700-800 mL- full term

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35
Q

Amniotic fluid clearance

A

Fetal swallowing

Absorption through placenta

36
Q

Amniotic fluid components

A

Slightly alkaline

Antibacterial and protective substances found in breast milk

Albumin, uric acid, creatinine, lecithin, sphingomyelin, bilirubin, vernix, leukocytes, epithelial cells, lanugo

37
Q

Leukorrhea

A

Increase white vag discharge

Hyperplasia of vaginal mucosa and increased mucus production from endocervical glands

38
Q

Leukorrhea teaching

A

Call provider if discharge is yellow/green, thicker, bloody, foul odor

Itching, irritation, pain

39
Q

Embryo

A

Flattened sick between amnion and yolk sac

Embryo connected to yolk sac by body stalk

Embryo until 8 weeks

40
Q

Abortion

A

Loss of fetus 20-22 weeks gestation

Less than 500 grams

Too immature to survive outside the uterus (extrauterine)

41
Q

Preterm or premature

A

Fetus born before 37 weeks

42
Q

Non stress test (NST)

A

Antenatal screening

Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) 20 minutes

Moves at intervals so CNS and myocardium respond to movement

Response by acceleration of FHR

43
Q

Contraction stress test

A

FHR response to uterine contraction

Fetal oxygenation

EFM obtains FHR 20 min

44
Q

Biophysical profile

A

Noninvasive

Fetal physical examination

FHR combined with ultrasonography

Fetus responds to central hypoxia by movement, muscle tone, breathing, HR patterns

45
Q

5 components of byophysical profile (BPP)

A 
Non stress test (NST)
Fetal breathing (30 sec)
Fetal movement (3+ body/limb mvmt)
Fetal tone (flexion/extension)
Determination of amniotic fluid volume
46
Q

Amniotic fluid index

A

Long term placenta function

Greater than 5 cm is adequate

47
Q

Vertex

A

Area between anterior and posterior fontanelles

48
Q

Breech

A

Fetal buttox enter maternal pelvis first

Occur in 3%. Births

Attitude of fetal hips and knees

Preterm births or hydrocephaly (large head)

49
Q

Breach disadvantages

A

Umbilical cord prolapse

Fetal buttocks or feet not as smooth and hard as fetal head (less effective to dilate cervix)

Umbilical cord compression

50
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Second half, literal phase of ovarian cycle

14 day lifespan

Secretes estrogen and progesterone to produce negative feedback signals to anterior pituitary gland to decrease production of FSH and LH

51
Q

Ptyalism

A

Excessive salivation

Increased hormone levels

Can be symptom of hyperemesis gravidarum, extreme: dehydration

52
Q

Pytalism teaching

A

Small frequent meals

Avoid starchy foods

Drink plenty of water in small sips

Suck on hard candies

Brush teeth frequently

53
Q

Pica

A

Consumption of nonnutritive substances

Ex. Eating clay, dirt, cornstarch, Ice

Disabled, African Americans, middle eastern

54
Q

Fetal fibronectin

A

Cervicovaginal fluid 16-20 weeks gestation

“Glue” attaches to fetal membranes and uterine decidua

Released when contractions occur

55
Q

Amnisure test

A

Detects (PAMG-1) amniotic protein in vaginal discharge following rupture of membrane

Amniotic fluid test

56
Q

Apgar

A

1 minute after birth and 5 min after birth

5 signs evaluated

Heart rate
Respiratory effort
Muscle tone
Reflex irritability
Color
57
Q

Moro reflex

A

Infants head lift

Extension of both arms and flexion of both legs

58
Q

Ballard scale

A

Neuromuscular maturity and physical maturity

Identify decreased level of muscle and joint flexibility and ability to return to original position after movement

Within first 12 hours life

10-36 hours best

59
Q

Caput

A

Vacuum extractor marking on infant head

Disappear after hours or up to 7 days

Not harmful

Complications: hematoma, hemorrhage,
Laceration

Observe: trauma and infection, jaundice

*think cone head

60
Q

Erythema toxicum

A

Face and chest, over body

Most common in neonates

“Erythema neonatorum” or “newborn rash” or “flea bite”

Small, irregular, flat red patches on cheeks

Small yellow pimples on chest, abdomen, extremities

Can persist up to 1 mo

61
Q

Lanugo

A

Fine, Downy hair

Present at 20 weeks

Covers body except palms, soles, areas hair isn’t found

62
Q

Acrocyanosis

A

Cyanosis at 1 min apgar check

Normal

63
Q

Meconium

A

20% births

Rupture of membrane

Careful surveillance of EFM and possible fetal scalp blood sampling

64
Q

Meconium passed during labor

A

Hypoxia

Sphincter relaxation

Breech presentation

Umbilical cord compression

65
Q

Gastroschisis

A

Congenital

Diagnosed during prenatal ultrasound

Stomach and intestine herniate through abdomen wall

66
Q

Anencephaly

A

Incomplete closure of anterior portion of neural tube

Portions of brain, forehead, skull , occiput missing

Respirators and monitored to asses viability

67
Q

Omphalocele

A

Congenital

Intestines protrude into umbilical cord region of abdominal wall

Trisomy 13 and 18

Greater than 4cm (less than=hernia)

68
Q

Meaningocele

A

Protruding sac on cervical, thoracic or lumbar vertebrae

Thin layer of muscle and skin covers lesion

69
Q

Myelomeningocele

A

Most severe form spina bifida

Evident on delivery

Meninges protrude though the defect and meninges contain spinal cord elements

70
Q

Spina bifida s/s

A

Visualization of meningocele or Myelomeningocele

Weakness

Paralysis

Sensory loss

71
Q

Severe spina bifida s/s

A

Visualization of Myelomeningocele

Neurological defects

Hip and joint disformigies

Impaired bowel and bladder function

72
Q

Spina bifida prevention

A

Exposure to hyperthermia (hot tub, sauna)

Avoid anti seizure meds

400 mcg folic acid

Green leafy veg, liver, legumes, Oj, fortified breakfast cereals, multivitamins

73
Q

Spina bifida nursing intervention

A

Prevent injury and infection at site

Redness, purulent drainage, bleeding, necrosis assessment

Is sac ruptured and leaks CSF risk for meningitis

74
Q

Bulb syringe

A

Suction nose and mouth

75
Q

Erythromycin ophthalmic

A

Prevent ophthalmia neonatorum, eye inflamm from gonorrheal or chlamydial infection from birth canal

76
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

A

Preterm newborns

Ischemic episode in bowel

Lack of oxygen

Blood shunted from nonessential organ (bowel) to kings and brain

Food and gas build up

77
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) worst complication

A

Septicemia

78
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)s/s

A

Lack of bowel movement

Emesis

Prefeeding aspirates

Abdominal distention

Increase 1-2cm abd circ from last feed

Irritability

Lethargy

79
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)diagnosis

A

X-ray

Sausage shaped dilation of intestine present

Free air is dangerous

80
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) lab findings

A 
Leukopenia
Metabolic acidosis
Anemia
Electrolytes imbalance 
Leukocytosis
81
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) prevention

A

Keep O2 within range

Decrease environmental stress

82
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)nursing interventions

A

Measure and record abd circumference

Auscultate bowel sounds before every feeding

Observe for abd distention

83
Q

Frontal occipital circumference (FOC)

A

Paper tape tenths of cm

Place above eyebrow and pinna of ears

Wrapped around occipital prominence in back of head

3x largest recording

Norm: 13-15 in (33-38 cm)

Repeated until 36 mo

84
Q

Torticollis

A

Deviation of neck to one side caused by spasmodic contraction of neck muscles

Head positioned on one side and neck opposite side

85
Q

Subinvolution

A

failure of uterusnto return to non pregnant state

Multiple births, hydramnios, prolonged labor, difficult birth, infection, Grand multiparity, excessive maternal analgesia

Full bladder or retained placental tissue

86
Q

Involution

A

Reduction of uterus size after birth

Maternal Child (4 decks)

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