terminology Flashcards
composed of a specific sequence of nucleotides (bases) that codes for a specific amino acid sequence
a specific protein that will perform a specific function
gene
crossing over as a result of synapsis
point of crossover
where two chromosomes cross non-sister chromatids during prophase 1
chiasma/ta
the genetic makeup of a trait (which 2 alleles are present?)
genotype
the observable trait or characteristic
phenotype
an alternate form of a gene located at a particular place on a chromosome (ex. brown eyes, green eyes)
alleles
2 identical alleles are present (ex. BB, tt) = purebreed
homozygous
2 different alleles are present (ex. Bb, Tt) = hybrid
heterozygous
pairing up of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1
occurs in meiosis but not mitosis due to homologous chromosomes
synapsis
occurs in reproductive organs
creates gametes with haploid number of chromosomes (n)
one of each homologous pairs are present
special cell division in order to produce gametes with 1/2 the number of chromosomes
meiosis
genes on the same location on two homologous chromosomes
locus
sex cell-producing organs
gonads (ovaries, testes)
sex cells (haploid cells)
gametes (spermatozoon, ovum)
1/2 the number of chromosomes (n)
haploid
full number of chromosomes (2n)
diploid
“similar”
chromosomes occur in pairs- each pair is similar in form and arrangement of genetic material (but not necessarily identical content)
contain same genes at different locations but the alleles can differ, therefore cells have 2 copies of each gene
homologous (chromosomes)
