Terminology

Question 1

Advanced Glycated End Products (AGEs)

Answer 1

Proteins/lipids become glycated after being exposed to sugars

Question 2

Aldehyde

Answer 2

Carobynl group located at the end of a carbon chain

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Molecules made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Question 4

Cori Cycle (Lactic Acid Cycle)

Answer 4

Lactate is produced by anaerobic glycolysis
Moves to liver; converted to glucose
Moves back to muscles; back to lactate

Question 5

Diabetes Millitus

Answer 5

Metabolic disorders
High blood sugar levels over time

Question 6

Diabetic Nephropathy

Answer 6

Progressive kidney disease in people who have diabetes

Question 7

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 7

Eye condition that can cause vision loss in those who have diabetes

Question 8

Disaccharide

Answer 8

Formed when two monosaccharides join by glycosidic linkage

Question 9

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

Answer 9

Glucose intolerance with first recognition during pregnancy

Question 10

Glycated Hemoglobin

Answer 10

Hemoglobin with glucose bound

Question 11

Glucagon

Answer 11

Hormone in the pancreas promoting the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver

Question 12

Glucose

Answer 12

Simple sugar
Monosaccharide
C6 H12 O6
Chief source of energy in cells

Question 13

Glycogen

Answer 13

Polysaccharide formed from excess glucose
Stored by muscles and liver
Storage form of glucose and Carbs

Question 14

Glycogen Storage Disease

Answer 14

Inherited genetic disorder
Glycogen is improperly stored

Question 15

Hyperglycemia

Answer 15

Excess of glucose in the bloodstream

Question 16

Hypoglycemia

Answer 16

Deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream

Question 17

Insulin

Answer 17

Produced in the Beta cells of Pancreas
Regulates amount of glucose
Allows cells to absorb glucose

Question 18

Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Answer 18

Phase between normal glucose tolerance and diabetes
Prediabetes

Question 19

Ketones

Answer 19

Substance made from fatty acids when there is insufficient insulin

Question 20

Lactate

Answer 20

Produced by cells when there is insufficient oxygen
Can lead to Lactic Acidosis

Question 21

Microalbuminuria

Answer 21

Increase of albumin in urine
Risk for kidney and cardiovascular disease in those with diabetes

Question 22

Monosaccharide

Answer 22

Simple sugar that cannot be made into smaller carbohydrates

Question 23

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Answer 23

Body’s ability to metabolize glucose
Oral glucose given; blood is drawn
Plasma is measured

Question 24

Pyruvate

Answer 24

End product of Glycolysis
Converted into CoA or Lactate

Question 24

Polysaccharides

Answer 24

Chains of monosaccharides joined by Glycosidic Linkages

Question 24

Sterioisomer

Answer 24

Same molecular formula but different arrangements

Question 24

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)

Answer 24

Body's inability to produce insulin Autoimmune destruction of Pancreas beta cells

Question 24

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Answer 24

Body becoming resistant to insulin or not enough production Hyperglycemia