Terminology Flashcards
What is meant by a claim?
A statement/proposition that asserts something is or ought to be the case.
What is meant by truth-apt?
When a claim is bivalent - capable of being either true or false.
Not all claims have to be true.
What is meant by an argument?
An argument is a series of claims in which the conclusion is supported by the premise(s).
A defining feature is their inferential nature.
What is meant by deductive?
If the premise is true, the conclusion must be true (necessary)
The conclusion follows from the premise as a matter of logic.
What is meant by inductive?
If the premise is true then the conclusion is likely or probable.
The conclusion however can still be false.
What is meant by valid?
(Deductive) when the premise is true, then the conclusion must be true
What is meant by invalid?
(Deductive) if the premise is true, the conclusion could still be false
What is meant by sound?
(Deductive) if the argument is logically correct, valid and the premise is ACTUALLY true
What is meant by strong?
(Inductive) if the premise is true, the conclusion is probable or likely
What is meant by weak?
(Inductive) isn’t logically correct, the conclusion isn’t probable or likely
What is meant by cogent?
(Inductive) the argument is logically correct, strong, premise is ACTUALLY true
What is meant by the subject and the predicate?
Subject; what a statement is about
Predicate; what the statement says about the subject
E.g, the cat (subject) is hungry (predicate)
What is meant by analytic?
An analytic truth is true solely because of its meaning - it is impossible to deny without contradiction.
What is meant by synthetic?
A synthetic truth is true because of i) its meaning ii) the way in which the world is
It is possible to deny with contradiction
