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terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)

A

a condition where the walls of the aorta in the abdomen weaken and blood leaks into the layers of the vessel, causing it to bulge.

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2
Q

abruptio placenta

A

a premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus

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3
Q

acidosis

A

a pathological condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body

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4
Q

acute coronary syndrome

A

a term used to describe a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ishemia, including anfia and mayocardial infarction

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5
Q

acute myocardial infarction

A

heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it

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6
Q

adventitious breath sounds

A

abnormal breath sounds such as a wheeze, Ronchi, and rales

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7
Q

agitated delirium

A

a condition of disorientation, confusion, and possible hallucinations coupled with purposelessness and restless activity

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8
Q

agonal respiration

A

slow, shallow, irregular respirations or occasional gasping breaths; sometimes seen in dying patients

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9
Q

air embolism

A

the presence of air in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart

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10
Q

alkalosis

A

the buildup of excess base in the body fluids

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11
Q

anaphylaxis

A

an extreme, life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.

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12
Q

aneurism

A

a swelling or enlargement of part of a blood vessel, resulting from the weakening of the vessel wall

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13
Q

angina pectoris

A

short-lived chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.

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14
Q

anisocoria

A

naturally occurring uneven pupil size

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15
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

inability to remember events after an injury

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16
Q

aortic aneurysm

A

a weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture

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17
Q

aphasia

A

the inability to understand/ or produce speech

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18
Q

aplastic crisis

A

a condition in which the body stops producing red blood cells; typically caused by infection

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19
Q

apnea

A

absence of spontaneous breathing

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20
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

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21
Q

arrhythmia

A

an irregular or abnormal heart rhythm

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22
Q

arterial air embolism

A

air bubbles in the arterial blood vessels

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23
Q

ascites

A

fluid in the abdomen

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24
Q

aspiration (context of airway)

A

the introduction of vomitus or other foreign material into the lungs

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25
Q

asthma

A

an acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passage

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26
Q

asystole

A

the complete absence of any electrical cardiac activity, appearing as a straight or almost straight line on a ECG strip

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27
Q

ataxic respiration

A

irregular ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern

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28
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs

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29
Q

atherosclerosis

A

a disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.

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30
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

an overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina; characterized by itching, burning, or pain, possibly a “fishy” smelling discharge

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31
Q

avulsion

A

an injury in which soft tissue is completely loose or is hanging as a flap

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32
Q

barotrauma

A

injury resulting from pressure disequilibrium across the body surfaces; for example too much pressure in the lungs

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33
Q

basilar skull fracture

A

usually occurring following diffuse impact to the head (falls etc) generally resulting from the extension of a linear fracture to the base of the skull. Symptoms may include bruising behind the ears, bruising around the eyes, or blood behind the ear drum.

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34
Q

battle sign

A

bruising behind an ear over the mastoid process that may indicate skull fracture

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35
Q

blanching

A

turning white

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36
Q

bloody show

A

a small amount of blood at the vagina that appears at the beginning of labor and may include a plug of pink-tinged mucus that is discharged when the cervix begins to dilate

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37
Q

blowout fracture

A

a fracture of the orbit or of the bones that support the floor of the orbit

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38
Q

bradycardia

A

a slow heartrate, less than 60 bpm

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39
Q

bradypnea

A

a slow respiratory rate, an ominous sign in a child that indicated impending respitory arrest

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40
Q

breath-holding syncope

A

a loss of consciousness caused by decreased breathing stimulus

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41
Q

breech presentation

A

a delivery in which the buttocks come out first

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42
Q

bronchial breath sounds

A

normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi

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43
Q

bronchiolitis

A

inflammation fo the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus

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44
Q

bronchitis

A

an acute or chronic inflammation of the lungs that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and sometimes fever

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45
Q

buboes

A

enlarged lymph nodes (up to the size of tennis balls) that were characteristic of people infected with the bubonic plague

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46
Q

carbon dioxide retention

A

a condition characterized by a chronically high blood levels of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide

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47
Q

cardiac arrest

A

a state in which the heart fails to generate effective and detectable blood flow; pulses are not palpable in cardiac arrest, given if muscular and electrical activity continues in the heart

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48
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

compression of the heart as the result of a buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac (sac around the heart), leading to decreased cardiac output

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49
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

a state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. it can be severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions

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50
Q

cataracts

A

clouding of the lense of the eye or its surrounding transparent membranes

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51
Q

cerebral edema

A

swelling of the brain

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52
Q

cerebral palsy

A

a term for a group of disorders characterized by poorly controlled body movement

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53
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

an interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function. Also called a stroke

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54
Q

chlamydia

A

a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis

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55
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

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56
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

irritation of the major lung passageways from infections diseases or irritants such as smoke

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57
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction

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58
Q

closed abdominal injury

A

an injury in which there is soft-tissue damage inside the body but the skin remains intact

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59
Q

closed chest injury

A

an injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken, usually caused by blunt-force trauma

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60
Q

closed fracture

A

a fracture in which the skin is not broken

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61
Q

closed head injury

A

injury in which the brain has been injured but the skin has not been broken and there is no obvious bleeding

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62
Q

closed injuries

A

injuries in which damage occurs beneath the skin of mucous membrane but the surface remains intact

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63
Q

coma

A

a state of profound unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused

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64
Q

common cold

A

a viral infection usually associated with swollen nasal mucous membranes and the production of fluid from the sinuses and nose

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65
Q

commotio cordis

A

a blunt chest injury caused by a sudden. direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person’s heartbeat

66
Q

compartment syndrome

A

swelling in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure; may cut off blood flow or damage sensitive tissue; frequently seen in fractures below the elbow or knee in children

67
Q

compensated shock

A

early stages of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss

68
Q

concussion

A

a temporary loss or alteration of part or all of the brain’s abilities to function without actual physical damage to the brain

69
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

a disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscles and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs

70
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed part of the eye)

71
Q

contact burn

A

a burn caused by direct contact with a hot object

72
Q

contusions

A

a bruise from an injury that causes bleeding beneath the skin without breaking the skin

73
Q

coup-contrecoup injury

A

dual impacting of the brain into the skull, coup injury occurs at the point of impact; contrecoup injuries occur on the opposite side of the impact, as the brain rebounds

74
Q

crepitus

A

a grating or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together; also air bubbles under the skin that produce a crackling sound or crinkly feeling

75
Q

croup

A

an inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough, usually seen in children

76
Q

crowning

A

the appearance of the infants head at the vaginal opening during labor

77
Q

crush syndrome

A

significant metabolic derangement that develops when crushed extremities or body parts remain trapped for prolonged periods. this can lead to renal failure and death.

78
Q

crushing syndrome

A

an injury that occurs when a great amount of force is applied to the body

79
Q

cyanosis

A

a bluish-gray skin color that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood

80
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

81
Q

decompensated shock

A

the late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling

82
Q

decompression sickness

A

a painful condition is seen in divers who ascend too quickly in which gas, especially nitrogen, forms bubbles in blood vessels and other tissues; also called “the bends”

83
Q

decubitus ulcers

A

also known as bedsores they are caused by the pressure of skin against a surface for long periods, these sores can range from a pink discoloration of the skin to a deep wound that may invade into bone or organs

84
Q

deep venous thrombosis

A

the formation of a blood clot within the larger veins of an extremity, typically following a period of prolonged immobilization

85
Q

dehydration

A

loss of water from the tissues of the body

86
Q

delirium

A

a more or less sudden change in mental stats marked by the inability to focus, think logically, and maintain attention

87
Q

delirium tremends (DTs)

A

a severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics who are deprived of ethyl alcohol; characterized by restlessness, fever, severe sweating, disorientation, agitation, and seizures; can be fatal if untreated

88
Q

dementia

A

the slow onset of progressive disorientation shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function

89
Q

dependent edema

A

swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by a collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure

90
Q

dependent lividity

A

blood settling into the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin

91
Q

depression

A

a persistent mood of sadness, despair, and discouragement; may be a symptom of many different mental and physical disorders, or it may be a disorder on its own

92
Q

developmental disability

A

insufficient development of the brain. resulting in some level of dysfunction or impairment

93
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

a metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates is impaired, usually because of the lack of insulin

94
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

a form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

95
Q

diastole

A

the relaxation, or period of relaxation, of the heart, especially of the ventricles

96
Q

diphtheria

A

an infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx, this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx

97
Q

dislocation

A

disruption of a joint in which ligaments are damaged and the bone ends are completely displaced

98
Q

displaced fracture

A

a fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another and not in anatomic alignment

99
Q

dissecting aneurysm

A

the inner layer of an artery, such as the aorta, becomes separated, allowing blood (at high pressure) to flow between the layers

100
Q

distributive shock

A

a condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules or both

101
Q

diverticulitis

A

bulging out of intestinal rings in small pockets at weak areas in the muscle walls creating abdominal discomfort

102
Q

down syndrome

A

a genetic chromosomal effect that can occur during fetal development and that results in mental retardation as well as certain physical characteristics, such as a round head with flat occiput and slanted wide-eyes set

103
Q

dysarthria

A

slurred speech

104
Q

dysbarism

A

any signs and symptoms caused by the difference between the surrounding atmospheric pressure and the total gas pressure in various tissues, fluids, and cavities of the body

105
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

106
Q

ecchymosis

A

bruising or discoloration associated with bleeding within or under the skin

107
Q

eclampsia

A

seizure (convulsions) resulting from severe hypertension in a pregnant woman

108
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

a pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube

109
Q

edema

A

the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area

110
Q

embolus

A

a blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage

111
Q

emesis

A

vomiting

112
Q

emphysema

A

a disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

113
Q

epidural hematoma

A

an accumulation fo blood between the skull and dura mater

114
Q

epiglottitis

A

a disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction

115
Q

epistaxis

A

a nosebleed

116
Q

evisceration

A

the displacement of organs outside the body

117
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

a condition of infants who are born to whoman who consume alcohol during pregnancy; characterized by growth and physical problems, mental retardation, and a variety of congenital abnormalities

118
Q

flail chest

A

a condition in which two or more ribs are fractured in two ore more places or in association with a fracture of the sternum so the segment of the chest wall is effectively detached from the rest of the thoracic cage

119
Q

flame burn

A

a burn caused by an open flame

120
Q

flash burn

A

a burn caused by exposure to very intense heat, such as in an explosion

121
Q

fracture

A

a break in the continuity of a bone

122
Q

frostbite

A

damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold; or frozen or partially frozen body parts are frostbitten

123
Q

full-thickness burns

A

3rd degree burns; burns that affects all skin layers and may affect the subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone, and internal organs, leaving the area dry, leathery, and white, dark brown, or charred

124
Q

gastric distention

A

a condition in which air fulls the stomach, often as a result of high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation

125
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A

the body response to stress begins with an alarm response, followed by a stage of reaction and resistance and then recovery, or if the stress is prolonged, exhaustion

126
Q

generalized seizure

A

a seizure characterized by severe twitching of all the body’s muscles that may last several minutes or more; formerly known as a grand mal seizure

127
Q

gestational diabetes

A

diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before pregnancy

128
Q

gonorrhea

A

a sexually transmitted disease caused by the Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

129
Q

hay fever

A

an allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis

130
Q

heat cramps

A

painful muscle spasms usually associated with vigorous activity in hot environments

131
Q

heat exhaustion

A

a form of heat injury in which the body loses significant amounts of fluid and electrolytes because of heavy sweating, also called heat prostration or heat collapse

132
Q

heatstroke

A

a life-threatening condition of severe hyperthermia caused by exposure to excessive natural or artificial heat, marked by warm, dry skin, severely altered mental status, and often irreversible coma

133
Q

hematemesis

A

vomited blood

134
Q

hematoma

A

a mass of blood in the soft tissues beneath the skin

135
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

136
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness on one side of the body

137
Q

hemolytic crisis

A

a rapid destruction of red blood cells that occurs faster than the body’s ability to create new cells

138
Q

hemophilia

A

a congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding

139
Q

hemopneumothorax

A

the accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest

140
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

141
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

one of the two main types of stroke; occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain

142
Q

hemothorax

A

a collection of blood in the pleural cavity

143
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection that causes fever loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function

144
Q

hernia

A

the protrusion of a loop of an organ or tissue through an abnormal body opening

145
Q

herpes simplex

A

virus caused by human herpesviruses 1 and 2, characterized by small blisters whose location depends on the type of virus, type 2 results in blisters in the genital area, while type 1 results in blisters in nongenital areas

146
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by HIV which damages the cells in the body’s immune system so that the body is unable to fight infections or certain cancers

147
Q

hypercarbia

A

increased carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream

148
Q

hyperglycemia

A

an abnormally high glucose level in the blood

149
Q

hyperglycemic crisis

A

a state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia

150
Q

hypertension

A

blood pressure that is higher than the normal range

151
Q

hypertensive emergency

A

an emergency situation created by excessively high blood pressure, which can lead to serious complications such as a stroke or aneurysm

152
Q

hyperthermia

A

a condition in which the body core temperature rises to 38.3 degrees C or more

153
Q

hyperventilation

A

rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide levels below normal

154
Q

hyperventilation syndrome

A

panic attack; this syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. the respirations of a person who is experiencing hyperventilation syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths/min or as low as only 20 very deep breaths/min

155
Q

hypoglycemia

A

a condition characterized by a low blood glucose level

156
Q

hypoglycemic crisis

A

severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status

157
Q

hypoperfusion

A

a condition that occurs when the level of tissue perfusion decreases below that needed to maintain normal cellular function; also called shock

158
Q

hypotension

A

blood pressure that is lower than the normal range

159
Q

hypothermia

A

a condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 35 degrees, usually as a result of prolonged exposure to cool or freezing temperatures

160
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

a condition in which low blood volume, is due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, resulting in inadequate perfusion

161
Q

hypoxia

A

a dangerous condition in which the body tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen

162
Q

ileostomy

A

a surgical procedure to create an opening between the small intestine and the surface of the body

Remote EMT class (5 decks)

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