Terminology Flashcards
What is abulia?
Abulia is a “syndrome of hypofunction” characterized by lack of initiative, spontaneity, and drive, slowness of thought (bradyphrenia), and blunting of emotional responses and response to external stimuli.
What is dysarthria?
Dysarthria is a neuromotor disorder that results from abnormalities in speed, strength, accuracy, range, tone, or duration required for speech control.
What is athetosis?
A slow, continuous, involuntary writhing movement that prevents maintenance of stable posture. Athetosis involves continuous smooth muscle movements that appear random and are not composed of recognizable sub-movements or movement fragments.
What is micrographia?
Micrographia is small sized handwriting, and it is associated with Parkinson’s disease.
What is skew deviation?
Skew deviation is a vertical misalignment of the visual axes caused by a disturbance of supranuclear inputs as a result of lesions in the brainstem, cerebellum, or peripheral vestibular system (ie, the inner ear and its afferent projections).
What is dysmetria?
Dysmetria is the inability to control the distance, speed and range of motion necessary to perform smoothly coordinated movements.
What is diadochokinesis?
Diadochokinesis is the inability to perform rapid alternating muscle movements. These can be quick, synchronous, and can include pronation/supination, fast finger tapping, opening and closing of the fists, and foot tapping.
What is nystagmus?
Nystagmus is the involuntary back-and-forth or cyclical movements of the eyes. The movements may be rotary, horizontal, or vertical and often are most noticeable when the patient gases at objects in the peripheral field of view.
Etiology: Lesion of the labyrinth, vestibular never, cerebellum, and brainstem commonly produce rhythmic eye movements. Drug intoxication, e.g, with alcohol or phenytoin, also may produce rhythmic eye movements.
What is ataxia?
Ataxia is defective muscular coordination, especially that is manifested when voluntary muscular movements are attempted.
What is a saccade?
A saccade is a fast, involuntary movement of the eye as it cages from one point of gaze to another.
What is an ocular pursuit?
An ocular pursuit it the ability of the eyes to follow a moving object.
What is camptocormia?
Camptocormia is a deformity marked by habitual forward flexion of the truck when the individual is standing.
What is the Hallpike-Dix maneuver?
The Hallpike-Dix maneuver is a test performed to diagnosis benign positional vertigo. The patient is moved from a sitting position to recumbency with the head titled down over the end of the bed and turned toward either shoulder. If vertigo develops after a delay of several seconds, the test is subjectively positive. If vertigo is associated with visible nystagmus, the test is objectively positive. Vertigo and nystagmus that occur immediately, rather than after a delay, are suggestive of intracranial, rather than labyrinths disease.
What is the Epley maneuver?
The Epley maneuver is a canalith repositioning maneuver, specifically it is the use of the Hallpike-Dix maneuver to reposition a canalith in the semicircular canal(s) to relieve benign positional vertigo.
What is apraxia?
Apraxia the inability to perform purposive movements or the inability to use objects appropriately.
Motor apraxia is the inability to perform movements necessary to use objects properly, although the names and the purposes of the objects are known and understood.
What is simultagnosia?
Simultagnosia is a spatial disorder of attention, classically defined as the inability to perceive more than a single object at one time. For example, when provided with a picture of a forest with trees, the person is unable to see the forest, although they can see each individual tree.
What is anosmia?
Anosmia is the absence or loss of the sense of smell.
What is dystonia?
Dystonia is prolonged involuntary muscular contractions that may cause twisting (torsion) of body parts, repetitive movements, and increased muscular tone. These movements may be in the form of rhythmic jerks. The condition may progress in childhood, but progression is rare in adults. In children, the legs are usually affected first.
