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Grade 11 Life Science CAPS > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

The process during photosynthesis where some of the energy received from the activated chlorophyll is used for the production of ATP from ADP

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2
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The source of atmospheric oxygen that is needed for cellular respiration by all organisma

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3
Q

Autotrophic

A

An organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide and other chemicals

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4
Q

Heterotrophic

A

An organism that cannot produce its own food and relies on other organisms as a food source

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5
Q

Catalyse

A

Makes reactions happen faster

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6
Q

Limewater

A

The liquid used to test for the presence of carbon dioxide

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7
Q

Denature

A

To change the structure of proteins such as enzymes irreversibly

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8
Q

Destarched plant

A

Plant that has been left in the dark for some hours

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9
Q

Pallisade

A

The elongated mesophyll cells in a leaf

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10
Q

stroma

A

The structure in a lead through which gaseous exchange with the environment takes place. A large central component of the chloroplast filled with fluid and containing enzymes

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11
Q

Anabolic reaction

A

Chemical reactions that occur when small simple molecules are synthesized to form large, complex molecules

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12
Q

Excess glucose

A

Glucose that is not immediately used for cellular respiration and is stored as STARCH

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13
Q

Photolysis

A

The splitting of water molecules into oxygen gas and energy rich hydrogen atoms in photosynthesis. More generally it is the splitting of a chemical compound by means of light energy (photons).

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14
Q

Synthesise

A

To form a complex substance from simpler substances

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15
Q

Limiting factors

A

Factors that limit the speed or rate of a process

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16
Q

Organic

A

With carbon, higher energy

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17
Q

Inorganic

A

No carbon hydrogen bonds, lower energy

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18
Q

Prokaryote

A

Without a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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19
Q

Eukaryote

A

Cells with membrane bound organelles and a nucleus

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20
Q

Saprophytic

A

Feeds on dead and decaying matter

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21
Q

Cilia

A

Short motile hair-like structures found on the surface of cells

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22
Q

Flagella

A

Long motile hair-like structures that extend from the surface of cells for the purpose of locomotion

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23
Q

Pseudopodia

A

Protrusions of the cell membrane of unicellular organisms, aka false feet

24
Q

Biotechnology

A

The industrial use of living organisms to manufacture food and other products

25
Aerobic respiration
The type of cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen (complete breakdown)
26
Anaerobic respiration
The type of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen (incomplete breakdown)
27
Glycolysis
The first stage of aerobic respiration occuring in the cytoplasm
28
Krebs/ citric acid cycle
The second phase of aerobic respiration occuring in the mitochondria
29
Oxidative phosphorylation
The third and last stage of aerobic respiration occurring in the mitochondria
30
Adenosine triphosphate
The general energy carrier in cells of living organisms
31
Alcoholic fermentation
The type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast cells
32
Endothermic animal
An animal that maintains a constant body temperature despite outside temperature
33
Oxygen debt
The additional amount of oxygen that the body needs after exercise to get rid of lactic acid
34
Osmoregulation
The regulation of the water balance of the body of an organism
35
Hypothalamus
The part if the brain that regulates/ controls the water balance of the body
36
ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)/ Vasopressin
Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland/ hypophysis that is needed for osmoregulation
37
Aldosterone
A hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that is involved with the regulation of salt concentration of the blood
38
Hormone
Chemical messenger produced by its endocrine gland, travelled by means of the bloodstream to its target organ where it has its effect that is either excitatory or inhibitory
39
Endocrine glands
Glands where secretions (hormones) are released directly into the bloodstream eg. The pancreas and the hypophysis
40
Exocrine glands
These are glands whose secretions leave via a duct eg. Pancreas and salivary glands
41
Columnar epithelium
A section of cells that are closely packed together that represents columns, it lines most of the digestive system
42
Goblet cells
In between columnar cells, responsible for the secretion of water
43
Passive transport
Transport that requires no energy from a higher to lower concentration (along the concentration gradient) eg. Diffusion, osmosis
44
Active transport
Against the concentration gradient (Lower to higher), requires energy
45
Cellular respiration
Chemical process in cells in which food molecules like glucose are broken down to release energy
46
Breathing
Physical process of moving air that is ruch in oxygen into a gaseous exchange organ eg. lungs and are that is rich in carbon dioxide out of the body
47
Gas exchange
The movement of respiratory gases in opposite directions, namely oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body, across gas exchange surfaces
48
Homeostasis
Keeping the body internal environment within in narrow limits (equilibrium)
49
Osmolarity
How much solute or salt in the blood
50
Emulsification
Breaking up fats into tiny fat droplets
51
Pancreas
A mammalian organ that can be exocrine or endocrine
52
Peristalsis
The process whereby food is moved along the intestinal/ alimentary canal of mammals
53
Chyme
A thick semi-fluid mass of partially digested food ans digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and intestine during digestion
54
Collection of alveoli
Infundibulum
55
Podocytes
Specialised cells with filtration slits occuring in the bowman's capsule
56
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
Bacteria that causes milk to turn sour
57
Nephron
Where the Malpighian bodies are found

Grade 11 Life Science CAPS (6 decks)

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