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Grade 11 Life Science CAPS > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

The process during photosynthesis where some of the energy received from the activated chlorophyll is used for the production of ATP from ADP

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2
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The source of atmospheric oxygen that is needed for cellular respiration by all organisma

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3
Q

Autotrophic

A

An organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide and other chemicals

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4
Q

Heterotrophic

A

An organism that cannot produce its own food and relies on other organisms as a food source

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5
Q

Catalyse

A

Makes reactions happen faster

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6
Q

Limewater

A

The liquid used to test for the presence of carbon dioxide

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7
Q

Denature

A

To change the structure of proteins such as enzymes irreversibly

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8
Q

Destarched plant

A

Plant that has been left in the dark for some hours

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9
Q

Pallisade

A

The elongated mesophyll cells in a leaf

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10
Q

stroma

A

The structure in a lead through which gaseous exchange with the environment takes place. A large central component of the chloroplast filled with fluid and containing enzymes

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11
Q

Anabolic reaction

A

Chemical reactions that occur when small simple molecules are synthesized to form large, complex molecules

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12
Q

Excess glucose

A

Glucose that is not immediately used for cellular respiration and is stored as STARCH

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13
Q

Photolysis

A

The splitting of water molecules into oxygen gas and energy rich hydrogen atoms in photosynthesis. More generally it is the splitting of a chemical compound by means of light energy (photons).

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14
Q

Synthesise

A

To form a complex substance from simpler substances

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15
Q

Limiting factors

A

Factors that limit the speed or rate of a process

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16
Q

Organic

A

With carbon, higher energy

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17
Q

Inorganic

A

No carbon hydrogen bonds, lower energy

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18
Q

Prokaryote

A

Without a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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19
Q

Eukaryote

A

Cells with membrane bound organelles and a nucleus

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20
Q

Saprophytic

A

Feeds on dead and decaying matter

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21
Q

Cilia

A

Short motile hair-like structures found on the surface of cells

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22
Q

Flagella

A

Long motile hair-like structures that extend from the surface of cells for the purpose of locomotion

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23
Q

Pseudopodia

A

Protrusions of the cell membrane of unicellular organisms, aka false feet

24
Q

Biotechnology

A

The industrial use of living organisms to manufacture food and other products

25
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

The type of cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen (complete breakdown)

26
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

The type of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen (incomplete breakdown)

27
Q

Glycolysis

A

The first stage of aerobic respiration occuring in the cytoplasm

28
Q

Krebs/ citric acid cycle

A

The second phase of aerobic respiration occuring in the mitochondria

29
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

The third and last stage of aerobic respiration occurring in the mitochondria

30
Q

Adenosine triphosphate

A

The general energy carrier in cells of living organisms

31
Q

Alcoholic fermentation

A

The type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast cells

32
Q

Endothermic animal

A

An animal that maintains a constant body temperature despite outside temperature

33
Q

Oxygen debt

A

The additional amount of oxygen that the body needs after exercise to get rid of lactic acid

34
Q

Osmoregulation

A

The regulation of the water balance of the body of an organism

35
Q

Hypothalamus

A

The part if the brain that regulates/ controls the water balance of the body

36
Q

ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)/ Vasopressin

A

Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland/ hypophysis that is needed for osmoregulation

37
Q

Aldosterone

A

A hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that is involved with the regulation of salt concentration of the blood

38
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical messenger produced by its endocrine gland, travelled by means of the bloodstream to its target organ where it has its effect that is either excitatory or inhibitory

39
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Glands where secretions (hormones) are released directly into the bloodstream eg. The pancreas and the hypophysis

40
Q

Exocrine glands

A

These are glands whose secretions leave via a duct eg. Pancreas and salivary glands

41
Q

Columnar epithelium

A

A section of cells that are closely packed together that represents columns, it lines most of the digestive system

42
Q

Goblet cells

A

In between columnar cells, responsible for the secretion of water

43
Q

Passive transport

A

Transport that requires no energy from a higher to lower concentration (along the concentration gradient) eg. Diffusion, osmosis

44
Q

Active transport

A

Against the concentration gradient (Lower to higher), requires energy

45
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Chemical process in cells in which food molecules like glucose are broken down to release energy

46
Q

Breathing

A

Physical process of moving air that is ruch in oxygen into a gaseous exchange organ eg. lungs and are that is rich in carbon dioxide out of the body

47
Q

Gas exchange

A

The movement of respiratory gases in opposite directions, namely oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body, across gas exchange surfaces

48
Q

Homeostasis

A

Keeping the body internal environment within in narrow limits (equilibrium)

49
Q

Osmolarity

A

How much solute or salt in the blood

50
Q

Emulsification

A

Breaking up fats into tiny fat droplets

51
Q

Pancreas

A

A mammalian organ that can be exocrine or endocrine

52
Q

Peristalsis

A

The process whereby food is moved along the intestinal/ alimentary canal of mammals

53
Q

Chyme

A

A thick semi-fluid mass of partially digested food ans digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and intestine during digestion

54
Q

Collection of alveoli

A

Infundibulum

55
Q

Podocytes

A

Specialised cells with filtration slits occuring in the bowman’s capsule

56
Q

Lactobacillus delbrueckii

A

Bacteria that causes milk to turn sour

57
Q

Nephron

A

Where the Malpighian bodies are found

Grade 11 Life Science CAPS (6 decks)

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