Short Questions Flashcards
True or false: All bacteria are pathogens
False, some bacteria are pathogens and cause serious infectious diseases like pneumonia but some are good
True or false: All bacteria are useful
False, some are pathogens
True or false: Useful bacteria are sometimes harmful
True
Name the characteristics of bacteria
- posses a cell wall
- unicellular prokaryotes
- some are autotrophic/ photosynthetic, others heterotrophic/ saprophytic. Some are chemosynthetic and get their energy from inorganic chemicals
- reproduce asexually through binary fission
Where are the islets of Langerhans found?
In the pancreas
What is the main function of the large intestine
Storage of faeces
What are the components of glomerular filtrate?
Water, salts, glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid and vitamins
In what sequence does digested food move along the small intestine?
Oesophagus, ileum, duodenum, colon
Where does deamination occur?
In the liver
What blood vessel transports glucose to the liver after being absorbed in the small intestine?
The hepatic portal vein
What are the functions and characteristics of bile?
- Bile salts combine with fatty acid in order for fat to enter the villus and be absorbed
- Does not contain enzymes
What is the most common nutrient digested in the stomach?
Protein
In what form is glucose stored in the liver?
Glycogen
What substance is concerned with the neutralisation of chyme?
Pancreatic juice (the release of which is caused by secretin)
During expiration what is the shape of the diaphragm?
Dome shaped
Where is the hepatic portal vein found?
In between the hepatic vein and vena cava
What are the characteristics of viruses?
- acellular: not cells but nucleoprotein particles that are considered to be obligate, intracellular parasites
- can only be seen with an electron microscope
- no nucleus
- consists of a DNA/ RNA core with a protein coat
- plants usually have RNA, animals have either one of the 2
What can viruses infect?
Animals, plants and bacteria
What determines the rate of breathing in humans?
Carbon dioxide in the blood
What tissues are considered epithelial surrounding the alveoli and blood capillaries?
Alveoli - columnar epithelium
Blood capillaries- Squamous epithelium
Which phase of breathing is active?
Inspiration/ inhalation
Name 3 factors that influence Bacterial growth
PH, humidity and temperature
Why can’t bacteria grow at any PH?
A PH that is too acidic or strong will kill bacteria
Describe the structure/ characteristics of a virus
- can only be seen with an electron microscope
- nucleoprotein particles which enter specific kinds of PLANTS, ANIMALS AND BACTERIA, in which they multiply
- Viruses are acellular having no nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, or organs of locomotion
- obligate, intracellular parasites
- consists of RNA/ DNA in animals and usually RNA in plants
- Outside of the host cells they are metabolically inert and therefore are considered to be non-living chemicals
What is the importance biologically, of viruses
- control ecological processes such as nutrient cycling, bacterial and algal biodiversity and algal bloom control.
- When sea organisms die from a viral infection their bodies provide nutrients to bacteria in deeper parts of the ocean.
- pathogens cause disease which helps control the numbers of dominant host species
How does glucose intake affect insulin concentration in the blood?
Increase in blood glucose levels signals the pancreas to produce insulin
What part of protein synthesis takes place inside the nucleus?
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