Terminologies In Introduction To Pharmacology Flashcards
10 rights of medication administration
Right patient
Right medication
Right dosage
Right time
Right route
Right assessment
Right education
Right to refuse
Right evaluation
Right documentation
This drug name constitutes a description of a drug using
the nomenclature of chemistry
Chemical Name
5 milligrams of morphine relieves pain as effectively as 50 milligrams of meperidine. Based on provided information, morphine shows efficacy or potency?
Morphine is MORE POTENT than meperidine because the term potency refers to the amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect. That is, a potent drug is one that
produces its effects at low doses.
Both 50mg of meperidine and pentazocine is administered every 4 hours but the relief of pain is noticeably greater in meperidine. Moreover, both drug shows no change in response to pain after administering 100mg more dosage every 3-4 hours. It shows that the __________ of meperidine is higher than pentazocine.
MAXIMAL EFFICACY is the largest effect that a drug can produce. Hence, no matter how much pentazocine we administer, we can never produce
the degree of pain relief that we can with meperidine.
It is a compound that is pharmacologically inactive
as administered and then undergoes conversion to its active
form via metabolism.
PRODRUG
( ex. codeine is a mild opioid prescribed as an analgesic including in pediatric setting. An enzyme metabolizes codeine into morphine in the liver )
It is defined as the time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%.
DRUG HALF-LIFE
- When a patient ceases drug
use, the combination of metabolism and excretion will cause
the amount of drug in the body to decline. The half-life of a
drug is an index of just how rapidly that decline occurs.
It refers to the amount of active drug that reaches the systemic circulation from its site of administration
BIOAVAILABILITY
This refers to the rapid hepatic inactivation
of certain oral drugs.
FIRST-PASS EFFECT
When a drug is administered repeatedly in the same dose,
plateau will be reached in approximately four half-lives
STEADY STATE DOSE
- as long as dosage remains constant, the time required to
reach plateau is independent of dosage size
When plateau must be achieved more quickly, a large initial dose
can be administered. This large initial dose is called a ________.
LOADING DOSE
After high drug levels have been established with a loading
dose, plateau can be maintained by giving smaller doses. These
smaller doses are referred to as ________.
MAINTENANCE DOSE
It is the study of drug movement throughout the body or what happens to the drug as it makes this journey
PHARMACOKINETICS
- Pharmacokinetics consists of four basic processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
This is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on the body or what drugs do to the body and how they do it
PHARMACODYNAMICS
These are molecules that activate receptors
Drugs that mimic the
body’s own regulatory molecules are called AGONISTS
Drugs that block the actions of endogenous regulators are called _______.
ANTAGONISTS produce their effects by preventing receptor activation by endogenous regulatory molecules and drugs.
