Terminologies in Introduction to Pharmacology

Question 1

A study of history, sources. and physical and chemical properties of drugs.

Answer 1

PHARMACOLOGY
- Study of drugs and their interaction and effects with any living thing that encompasses the physical, and chemical. biochemical, and physiological effects.

Question 2

What is Clinical Pharmacology?

Answer 2

• It is a study of drugs that encompasses all aspects between drugs and humans.
• It contains all factors of the relationship between drugs and humans. It focuses on the safe and effective use of medicines. It is a various specialization that maintains adequate healthcare.

Question 3

What is Pharmacotherapeutics?

Answer 3

Pharmacotherapeutics
- Study how drugs may best be used in the treatment of any illnesses and diseases. In addition, drugs were also examined from most to least appropriate to use in any specific disease.

Question 4

What is Pharmacokinetics?

Answer 4

Pharmacokinetics
- The study of (ADME) Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of drugs. Each factor “ADME” is related to the concentration of the drugs or the chemical by-products in various body sites.

Question 5

Components of Pharmacokinetics
Absorption

Answer 5

Absorption: The process of how the medication goes from the site of administration to the bloodstream.

Multiple Factors of Absorption:
- Route of administration
- Formulation and chemical properties of drugs
- Drugs - Foods Interactions.

2 Types of Transport:
Passive Transport - Requires no energy
Active Transport - Requires ATP, against the concentration gradient.

Question 6

Components of Pharmacokinetics
Distribution

Answer 6

Distribution: After the absorption, the drug will move to all the tissues around the body.

Question 7

Components of Pharmacokinetics
Metabolism

Answer 7

Metabolism: The biochemical conversion of drug to another chemical form.

Question 8

Components of Pharmacokinetics
Excretion

Answer 8

Excretion: It involves both metabolism and the excretion of the drugs. It can occur through Urine. Respiratory Route, Saliva, and many more.

Question 9

What is Pharmacodynamics?

Answer 9

• It is the study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs.
• It is also the study of drugs’ mechanism of action.

Question 10

What is Toxicology?

Answer 10

Toxicology is all about the capabilities of drugs of being toxic under some circumstances, it deals with the toxic effects of substances on the living organism.

Question 11

What is Pharmacognosy?

Answer 11

Pharmacognosy is all about the study of drugs from herbal and other natural sources.

Question 12

What is Drugs?

Answer 12

Any chemical that changes the functions of living organisms and is given for the diagnosis, prevention, control, and cure of disease.

Question 13

What is OTC Means

Answer 13

OTC means Over-The-Counter drugs that can be found to be safe and appropriate for use and can be purchased without a prescription.

Question 14

What is PRN means?

Answer 14

PRN is the abbreviation of “Pro Re Nata” which means ‘As Needed’ or ‘When Necessary’ which is medical jargon and documentation. Prn order is a medical order that indicates a medication or treatment that should be given only when necessary.

Question 15

What is Therapeutic Index (TI)?

Answer 15

It is the safety that exists between the dose of the drugs that produces the desired and unwanted or possibly dangerous side effects.

Question 16

Medication Prescriptions:
- Standard Prescription
- Single Prescription
- Stat Prescription
- Standing Prescription

Answer 16

STANDARD PRESCRIPTION:
- medication that is given on a regular schedule with or without termination.

SINGLE PRESCRIPTION:
- it is a one-time prescription.

STAT PRESCRIPTION:
- it is given once and immediately.

STANDING PRESCRIPTION:
- it is only written in specific circumstances.

Question 17

What is Telephone Order?

Answer 17

• It is a medication prescription written in the chart by the nurse that will take the verbal or telephone order/prescription.
• The prescription must be signed by the provider within 24 hours.
• After that enter the prescription into the client’s record.

Question 18

Difference between Patient Adherence and Patient Non-Adherence?

Answer 18

Patient Adherence:
- It is where the patients who are prescribed medications do not necessarily take it as prescribed. Patients follow what the physician says.

Patient Non-Adherence:
- Patients show unwillingness to follow therapies, reject treatment, and missed appointments.

Question 19

Five Traditional Rights:
Drug Administration

Answer 19

Right Patient:
- Name, Records, Wrist bands.

Right Route:
- Check the prescription if the medication route was Oral, IV, IM, or SQ.

Right Time:
- When will the Medicine will be given and when was the last time it was given.

Right Drug:
- Check and verify for the right name and form of the drugs. Double-check the drugs before giving them to the patient.

Right Dose:
- Check the medication sheet and the doctor’s order before administering.

Question 20

5 Additional Rights:
Drug Administration

Answer 20

Right Documentation:
- Write all the remarks, findings, and time on the chart frankly and correctly.

Right Education:
- Provide enough knowledge to the patient about the drug the patient take.

Right to Refuse:
- Give the client the autonomy to refuse the medication after explaining the effects of the drugs.

Right Assessment:
- Secure the client’s history of drug interaction and allergies.

Right Evaluation:
- Review and check all the findings and medication given.