- Abrasion, attrition, erosion - Enamel caries

Term Test 3 Flashcards by Terin Christensen

What does enamel matrix give rise to?

enamel? LOL ASHLEE I DONT KNOW

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What are the components of enamel matrix?

proteins, carbs, and only a small amount of hydroxyapatite crystals

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What is the composition of enamel?

96% inorganic or mineralized material, 1% organic, 3% water

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Is enamel vascular or avascular?

Avascular

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What is the hardness of enamel realitive to other structures?

Hardest structure in the body

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What is amelogenesis?

Process of enamel matrix formation

- Occurs during apposition stage of tooth development

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How does enamel appear on a radiograph?

Radiopaque

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How is enamel lost?

Abrasion, attrition, erosion

- Enamel caries

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What is the composition of dentin?

70% inorganic or mineralized material
20% organic material
10% water

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What is the difference in rate between dentin vs enamel attrition?

Attrition of dentin can occur at a more rapid rate when it is exposed because of its lower mineralized content.

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What is primary dentin

-Primary: formed in a tooth prior to the completion of the apical foramen’s; characterized by its regular pattern of dentinal tubules.

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What is secondary dentin

-Secondary: formed after the completion of the apical foramen’s and continues to form throughout the life of the tooth; slightly irregular pattern of tubules.

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Peritubular dentin:

found in the wall of the tubules; is highly mineralized

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Intertubular dentin:

found between the tubules; is highly mineralized

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Mantle dentin:

outermost layer near dentinoenamel junction underneath enamel; first dentin formed.

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Circumpulpal dentin:

layer of dental found around the outer pulpal wall; dentin formed after mantle dentin.

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Is dentin vascular or avascular?

Nonvascular/avascular.

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Dentin matrix formation

-Dentinogenesis*: the process of dentin matrix or predentin formation; occurs during apposition stage of tooth development.

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What is the composition of cementum?

65% inorganic or mineralized material
23% organic material
12% water

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What makes up the periodontium?

cementum
PDL
alveolar process
each of the individual components of each type of tissue

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Is cementum vascular or avascular?

-Avascular

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What brachial arch does the maxilla alveolar bone develop from?

develop from tissue of the first branchial arch: mandibular arch.

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What brachial arch does the mandible alveolar bone develop from?

develop from tissue of the first branchial arch: mandibular arch.

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Give a general description of the alveolar bone…

part of either the mandible or maxilla that supports teeth

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What types of bone make up the alveolar bone?

alveolar bone proper (ABP) supporting alveolar bone (SAB)

What type of bone makes up the alveolar bone proper (ABP)?

composed of compact bone; aka cribriform plate, sharpey fibers inserted here; varies in thickness from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

What type of bone makes up the supporting alveolar bone (SAB)?

consists of both cortical and trabecular bone.

What is alveolar bone proper known as on a radiograph?

-lamina dura :).

What are the subgroups of the alveolodental ligament?

``` alveolar crest horizontal interraddicular oblique apical ```

What are sharpey fibers

-the ends of the principal fibers that are within the cementum or the alveolar bone proper are sharpey fibers.

Where does the nutrition supply of the oral mucosa come from?

capillary plexus

What percentage of each type of mucosa makes up the oral cavity?

lining 60% masticatory 25% specialized 15%

Where is lining mucosa found?

buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, alveolar mucosa, ventral surface of the tongue, floor of the mouth, soft palate

Where is masticatory mucosa found?

attached free gingiva, hard palate, dorsal surface of the tongue

Where is specialized mucosa found?

dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue

Where is lamina propria found?

deep to the basement membrane

What are lamina proprias main fiber consitutes?

-main fiber group is type 1 collagen fibers but elastic fibers also present

What are lamina proprias main cell consitutes?

Fibroblast.

What is the precursor of keratin?

keratohyalin

Where is the precursor to keratin (keratohyalin) found?

found in the more superficial layers of the keratin layer.

What are the layers of nonkeratinized epithlium?

basal intermediate superficial

What are the layers of orthokeratinized epithlium?

basal prickle granular keratin

What are the layers of parakeratinized epithlium?

basal prickle granular keratin

What happens to the tissue in recession?

Gingival margin becomes more apical.

What happens to the tissue in gingivitis?

Acute or chronic inflammation of the gingiva.

What happens to the tissue in periodontitis?

Inflammation of the deeper layers of the periodontium.

What is a sulcus?

The area between the tooth and the turtle neck of gum around it.

How is the sulcus measured?

With a periodontal probe

What is a normal gum measurement?

0.5 mm - 3 mm.

What is the turnover time of the hard palate?

24 days

What is the turnover time of the floor of the mouth?

20 days

What is the turnover time of the buccal and labial mucosa?

14 days

What is the turnover time of the attached gingiva?

10 days

What is the turnover time of the tastebuds?

10 days

What is the turnover time of the junctional epithelium (attached to tooth)?

4-6 days

All other oral mucosa ranges from...

4-24 days

Is the turnover time of the skin or oral mucosa faster?

Oral mucosa.

What is the turnover time of the skin?

27 days

What type of saliva does the parotid gland produce?

serous

What type of saliva does the submandibular gland produce?

serous and mucous

What type of saliva does the sublingual gland produce?

serous and mucous (mainly mucous)

When do the 3 major salivary glands begin to develop?

between the 6th and 8th weeks of prenatal development

When does the thyroid gland develop?

at approximately the 24th day of prenatal development

Ranula:

retention of saliva in salivary gland involving the submandibular gland

Mucocele:

reteion of saliva in salivary gland involving a minor salivary gland

Where is the frontal sinuses located?

most superior, under forehead, triangular shape

Where is the ethmoidal sinuses located?

each side of nose, between the eyes

Where is the sphenoidal sinuses located?

found more posteriorly to all other sinuses (just anterior to opening of ear)

Where is the maxillary sinuses located?

largest, slightly inferior to nasal cavities (both sides of nose, opposite to nares)

What is the significance of a sore tooth in the maxillary sinus region?

A "sore" tooth may not actually be a sore tooth. There may be a problem with the sinus.

What does a goblet cell do?

-secretes mucous in order to protect mucous membranes where they are found!

What are the principal fiber groups of the PDL?

- interdental ligament - gingival fiber group - alveolodental ligament

What is the main principal fibre group of the PDL?

alveolodental ligament

How does the alveolodental ligament attach to the tooth?

subgroups attach in various places.

How does the interdental ligament attach to the tooth?

fibers transverse from cementum to cementum without any bony attachment.

How does the gingival fiber group attach to the tooth?

subgroups attach in various places.

What are the subgroups of the gingival fiber group?

- circular ligament - dentogingival ligament - alveologingival ligament

Explain the circular ligament...

-encircles tooth; interlaces with other gingival fiber groups.

Explain the dentogingival ligament...

-inserts into cementum on the root and extends to the lamina propria of the marginal and attached gingiva.

Explain the alveologingival ligament...

-alveolar crest of ABP and extend over the lamina propria of the marginal gingiva.

Where are alveolar crest fibers located?

Attached to cementum just below CEJ; runs inferior and outwards to insert into alveolar crest and alveolar bone proper.

Where are horizontal fibers located?

Just apical to alveolar crest group that runs 90 degrees to the long axis of the tooth from cementum to alveolar bone proper, just inferior to alveolar bone crest.

Where are oblique fibers located?

runs from cementum in oblique direction to insert into alveolar bone proper more coronally.

Where are apical fibers located?

radiates from cementum around root apex to surrounding alveolar bone proper, forming base of alveolus.

Where are interradicular fibers located?

- ONLY ON MULTI-ROOTED TEETH. - runs from cementum of one root to cementum of another root(s) superficial to interradicular septum and thus has no bony attachment superficial to interradicular septum.