Term Test 2 Review

Question 1

What is the primary consequence of increased capillary permeability in context of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

Answer 1

Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Question 2

In the management of cold injuries, what is the recommended approach to dressing digits?

Answer 2

Dress digits separately

Question 3

What category of medications does aspirin belong to?

Answer 3

Antiplatelet

Question 4

What is the primary focus in the management of a patient in a severely frozen state?

Answer 4

Preventing further heat loss and early transport

Question 5

How do short-acting bronchodilators act on the airway during an asthma attack?

Answer 5

By relaxing the bronchial smooth muscle

Question 6

What class of medication is Dimenhydrinate?

Answer 6

Antihistamine

Question 7

In a drowning pt. what can result from aspirated water?

Answer 7

1. Hypoxia
2. Decreased lung compliance
3. Atelectasis
4. Loss of surfactant

Question 8

What groups does drowning most likely impact?

Answer 8

1. Youth <5 years of age
2. Males with drug or alcohol intoxication
3. Disorders that cause LOC

Question 9

What term describes the following:
“The combined effect of the medications is significantly greater than the expected sum of their individual effects.”

Answer 9

Synergism

Question 10

What is the likely cause of the following symptoms:
1. Excessive salivation
2. Lacrimation
3. Blurred vision
4. Muscle weakness

Answer 10

Cholinergic toxicity

Question 11

Where is the body’s thermoregulatory center primarily located?

Answer 11

Hypothalamus (anterior)

Question 12

What is the primary cause of Bends in divers?

Answer 12

Gas diffusion into tissues

Question 13

True or false:
Bradycardia may occur as a protective measure in the event of severe hypothermia

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the body temperature threshold for severe hypothermia?

Answer 14

< 30 Degrees Celsius

Question 15

You have a medication list provided to you by a patient who states they have COPD and NIDDM. What are some examples of medication that you could expect to see of the medication list?

Answer 15

1. Albuterol
2. Salbutamol
3. Metformin

Question 16

What type of neurons are most likely affected in a patient experiencing impaired involuntary movement in the upper extremities?

Answer 16

Motor neurons

Question 17

What patient population is the mammalian diving reflex most prevalent in?

Answer 17

Children

Question 18

Why are geriatric patients more susceptible to cardiac complications, like MI’s?

Answer 18

Due to hypertrophy of the heart and arterial thickening

Question 19

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 19

A progressive disease process of the joints resulting in the destruction of cartilage

Question 20

True or false:
In a patient displaying an altered mental status, seizures and an ECG that reveals widened QRS complexes, albuterol is most likely responsible for the patient’s presentation?

Answer 20

False, the correct answer is Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

Question 21

What is the normal core temperature of the human body?

Answer 21

37 Degrees Celsius

Question 22

Beta blockers are commonly used to treat which condition?

Answer 22

Hypertension

Question 24

Which patient population is more susceptible to classic heat stroke due to comorbidities and prolonged heat exposure?

Answer 24

Elderly people

Question 25

What is the initial management plan for an individual found with the following: 1. Temp = > 40 Degrees Celsius 2. NOT diaphoretic 3. Tachycardia 4. Hypotension 5. Unconscious

Answer 25

Remove clothing, cover with wet sheets, and apply cold packs

Question 26

What key clinical feature distinguished heat exhaustion from heat cramps?

Answer 26

Muscle cramps

Question 27

You are assessing a patient and find the following: 1. Feeling lightheaded with vertigo 2. Slow HR 3. Constricted pupils 4. Decreased RR What division of the Autonomic Nervous System is most likely dominant in this situation?

Answer 27

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 28

What complication may arise due to aspiration of fluid in a drowning victim that can impact your ability to ventialte?

Answer 28

Decreased compliance

Question 28

What are some classic clinical signs of an opioid overdose?

Answer 28

1. Pinpoint pupils 2. Bradypnea 3. Hypotension

Question 29

What should paramedics be cautious for when administering Gravol to old people?

Answer 29

The increased risk of falls due to dizziness and drowsiness

Question 30

You are assessing a patient, after a traumatic event, and find the following: 1. Increased HR 2. Dilated pupils 3. Rapid breathing What division of the Autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible for the physiological responses displayed?

Answer 30

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 31

What is the common suffix seen in many Beta Blockers?

Answer 31

-lol

Question 32

What is the drug classification of Warfarin?

Answer 32

Anticoagulant

Question 33

What term best refers to "the use of drugs for the prevention, treatment, diagnosis, and modification of normal functions?

Answer 33

Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 34

What happens during rewarming in the case of Superficial Frostbite?

Answer 34

The area becomes edematous and blisters

Question 35

You administered a medication to a pt. experiencing a low HR/bradycardia. What term best describes the drug's impact on the HR?

Answer 35

Chronotropic affect

Question 36

Through what process does the body lose heat through the conversion of liquid to gas (i.e. when sweating)?

Answer 36

Evaporation

Question 37

What reason best describes why old people may develop a slower heart rate as they age?

Answer 37

Because of a decrease in pacemaker cells in the SA node, leading to slower impulse generation

Question 38

True or false: Mild hypothermia is characterized by an oriented individual who may be slightly fatigues, with a temperature ranging between 34-35 Degrees Celsius, and only requires supportive management

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What division of the Peripheral Nervous System is responsible for pupils dilating in response to dim light?

Answer 39

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 40

Jaqualin weighs approximately 60kg and has 20% of his surface area burned. Use the Parkland Burn Formula to calculate the amount of fluid he will require over the net 24 hours.

Answer 40

4800 mls

Question 41

You are responding to a call for a 77-year-old male and discover the following upon arrival to the patient: 1. Feeling dizzy 2. Unsteady for a couple of weeks 3. No obvious deformities 4. Signs of impaired balance and reduced awareness What is the underlying physiological change contributing to his symptoms?

Answer 41

Loss of proprioception

Question 42

How does a scuba diver avoid the adverse affects of Boyle's law during ascent?

Answer 42

By maintaining a slow ascent rate

Question 43

Dexamethasone can be used for treating conditions involving brain swelling because it has what particular effect of the Central Nervous System?

Answer 43

It crosses the blood-brain barrier and reduces cerebral edema

Question 44

What is the primary mechanism by which the body produces heat through thermogenesis?

Answer 44

Voluntary muscle contraction

Question 45

Knowing the information regarding the pathophysiology of drowning, what is the most likely factor contributing to a patient experiencing a LOC?

Answer 45

Hypercapnia

Question 46

What physiological response characterizes the mammalian diving reflex when a person submerges their face in cold water?

Answer 46

Decreased HR

Question 47

A patient is experiencing an Anticholinergic Overdose, what symptoms is Dimenhydrinate specifically indicated for in this context?

Answer 47

Nausea and vomiting

Question 48

According to Jackson's Burn Model, what zone of a burn wound is characterized by the source of most damage and little to no blood flow?

Answer 48

The Zone of Coagulation

Question 49

What physiological change occurs to the respiratory system during the "flight or fight" response to a situation?

Answer 49

Increased RR

Question 50

Shortly after you administer a medication, the patient reports a significant reduction in the pain level. Such effect has improved the comfort and mobility within your patient. What term best describes the positive outcome of the medication you administered?

Answer 50

Therapeutic effect

Question 51

What is the most common injury in older adults, after a fall?

Answer 51

A subdural hematoma

Question 52

True or false: 2cd degree burns extend into the dermis layer causing blistering along with redness and swelling

Answer 52

True

Question 53

What are some common medications that you would expect to see on a medication list provided to you by a patient who has a hx. of an MI and CHF?

Answer 53

1. Lisoprinil 2. Metoprolol 3. Atorvastatin

Question 54

What are some common medications you would expect to see of the medication list of a patient who has a hx. of CVA and AFib?

Answer 54

1. Warfarin 2. Apixaban 3. Atorvastatin

Question 55

As per BLS guidelines, what is the recommended dressing for partial thickness burns covering more than 15% of the body surface area?

Answer 55

Application of a dry, sterile dressing to the affected area

Question 56

What are some common medications that you could expect to see on a medication list from a patient with a hx. of addiction, anxiety, and depression?

Answer 56

1. Cipralex 2. Ativan 3. Methadone

Question 57

How does peripheral vasodilation contribute to thermolysis?

Answer 57

It enhances heat production

Question 58

What is the common outcome for non-viable skin in Deep Frostbite?

Answer 58

Mummification

Question 59

How is drowning classified?

Answer 59

1. Fatal 2. Non-fatal

Question 60

What type of neurons are most responsible for transmitting sensory information to the Central Nervous System?

Answer 60

Sensory neurons

Question 61

At what body temperature does shivering typically cease during the progression of hypothermia?

Answer 61

32 Degrees Celsius

Question 62

Out of the following, what is a common side effect of Dimenhydrinate (Gravol)? 1. Increased HR 2. Dry mouth 3. Elevated BP 4. Muscle stiffness

Answer 62

1. Increased HR

Question 63

How does Henry's Law apply to the physiology of scuba diving?

Answer 63

It explains the relationship between gas pressure and volume

Question 64

In what gas-filled spaces can barotrauma occur, in divers?

Answer 64

Middle ear and sinuses

Question 65

You are called to the Boston Marathon, on a hot summer day, for a runner who collapsed near the finish line. The patient appears confused and dizzy. What is the likely cause of your pt.'s symptoms?

Answer 65

Heat syncope

Question 66

What principle form Dalton's law is relevant to scuba diving?

Answer 66

The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures

Question 67

True or false: 1st Degree burns typically involve damage to the outer layer of the skin, resulting in redness and mild swelling

Answer 67

True

Question 68

You administer a medication, via IV, to your pt. The drug quickly enters your pt.'s bloodstream and reaches it's target tissue. What phase of the pharmacokinetic process does this describe?

Answer 68

Absorption

Question 69

True or false: The survivability in salt water drowning is lower than in fresh water?

Answer 69

False, survivability in salt water drowning is HIGHER than in fresh water drowning

Question 70

What characterizes a 3rd Degree burn?

Answer 70

Full-thickness damage extending into the subcutaneous tissue

Question 71

True or false: 3rd Degree burns involve damage to the full thickness of the skin, leading to charred or white, leathery skin and nerve damage that may result in little to no pain at the burn site

Answer 71

True

Question 72

What term best describes a medication's ability to cause harmful effects on an unborn baby?

Answer 72

Iatrogenic Effect

Question 73

What 3 clinical manifestations may a diver with POPS present with after ascent?

Answer 73

1. Dyspnea 2. Pleuritic pain 3. Sub-q emphysema

Question 74

What is the pharmacological classification of Naloxone (Narcan)?

Answer 74

Opioid antagonist

Question 75

What is the primary site of metabolism for Dimenhydrinate?

Answer 75

The Liver

Question 76

What is a classic sign of anticholinergic overdose in a pt.?

Answer 76

Dry, flushed skin

Question 77

True or false: Heat cramps can be potentially avoided during extreme exercise or exercise in hot environments by intaking electrolyte replacement (ex. Gatorade consumption)

Answer 77

True

Question 78

What is a common clinical feature of burn shock that requires fluid replacement?

Answer 78

Hypovolemia

Question 79

You are administering a medication to a patient experiencing acute anxiety and agitation. The medication's suffix is "-pam" What is the most likely classification of this medication?

Answer 79

Benzodiazepine

Question 80

What term best describes the following: "To counteract an adverse drug reaction, you administer another drug with opposing actions to diminish the effects of the 1st medication."

Answer 80

Antagonism