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EMRG 1305 - Tina’s Class > PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS and SPECIAL PT. GROUPS > Flashcards

PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS and SPECIAL PT. GROUPS Flashcards

Week 5

1
Q

What are 6 medical conditions that can give the appearance of “acting crazy”?

A
  1. Diabetic emergency
  2. Urinary Tract Infection
  3. Drug usage
  4. Adrenal crisis
  5. Head Injuries
  6. Hypoxia
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2
Q

What are Behavioral Emergencies?

A

Abnormal behavior that threatens a person’s healthy and safety or the health and safety of another

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3
Q

What are Psychiatric Emergencies? What do people experiencing one often experience?

A

When a person becomes suicidal, homicidal, or has a psychotic episode. They often experience delusions or hallucinations that result in a loss of reality and also undertake risky behaviors or become violent.

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4
Q

What are 5 causes of Mental Health Emergencies?

A
  1. Changes in relationships
  2. Switching or stopping mental health treatments
  3. Natural disaster/violence/terrorism
  4. Substance use
  5. Medical diagnosis
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5
Q

What are 5 common Mental Health Disorders?

A
  1. Anxiety/Depression-mood disorders
  2. Bipolar disorder
  3. Schizophrenia
  4. Dementia
  5. Excited delirium
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5
Q

What are 5 non-medical factors that influence health and health outcomes?

A
  1. Food insecurity
  2. Physical environment
  3. Access to health services
  4. Housing
  5. Sexual orientation
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6
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

A

A persistent and excessive worry that interferes with daily activities

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7
Q

List 4 potential causes of an anxiety disorder

A
  1. Life experiences/traumatic events
  2. Inherited traits
  3. Underlying health issue(s)
  4. Certain medications
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8
Q

What is 1 way you as a Paramedic can help a patient experiencing anxiety/an anxiety attack?

A

Coach their breathing; this reduces CO2 and reduces HR.

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9
Q

What are 5 symptoms of Anxiety?

A
  1. Restlessness
  2. Tenseness
  3. Sweating
  4. Nervousness
  5. A feeling of unease or dread
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10
Q

What is Depression?

A

A mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest

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11
Q

What is the typical onset for Depression?

A

During late teens to mid-20s

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12
Q

What are 8 signs of Depression?

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Hopelessness
  3. Mood swings
  4. Change in body weight
  5. Uncontrollable emotions
  6. Feeling low
  7. Insomnia
  8. Suicidal tendency
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13
Q

What is Bipolar Disorder?

A

A mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression)

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14
Q

What are 2 example of factors that can contribute to the development of Bipolar Disorder?

A
  1. Biological differences
  2. Genetics
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15
Q

What are 3 risk factors that can contribute to the development of Bipolar Disorder?

A
  1. Having a 1st-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling, with Bipolar Disorder
  2. Periods of high stress, such as the death of a loved one or other traumatic event(s)
  3. Drug or alcohol abuse
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16
Q

What is the average age of onset for Bipolar Disorder?

A

25 years of age

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17
Q

What are 5 symptoms of the Manic portion of Bipolar Disorder?

A
  1. Feeling overly happy for long periods of time
  2. Talking very fast with racing thoughts
  3. Becoming easily distracted
  4. Having overconfidence in abilities
  5. Engaging in risky behavior (ex. gambling)
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18
Q

What are 5 symptoms of the Depressive portion of Bipolar Disorder?

A
  1. Feeling sad or hopeless for long periods of time
  2. Significant change in appetite
  3. Thinking about or attempting suicide
  4. Feeling fatigue or lack of energy
  5. Problems with memory and concentration
19
Q

What is Schizophrenia?

A

A serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally

20
Q

What are 3 risk factors that can contribute to the development of Schizophrenia?

A
  1. Having a family history of Schizophrenia
  2. Some pregnancy and birth complications (malnutrition, exposure to toxins/viruses)
  3. Taking mind-altering (psychoactive or psychotropic) drugs during teen years ad young adult hood
21
Q

What is the average age for the onset of Schizophrenia?

A

Late teens

22
Q

What are 7 early signs of Schizophrenia in young adulthood?

A
  1. Severe decline in work or school performance
  2. Social withdrawal
  3. Diminished self confidence
  4. Anxiety
  5. Depression
  6. Unclear thinking
  7. Nervousness
23
Q

What is Dementia?

A

The loss of cognitive functioning- thinking, remembering, and reasoning- to such an extent that it interferes with a person’s daily life and activities

24
Q

What are 6 risk factors that can contribute to the development of Dementia?

A
  1. Obesity/lack of physical activity
  2. Low levels of cognitive engagement
  3. Smoking
  4. Diabetes
  5. High alcohol consumption
  6. High blood pressure
25
Q

What are 6 cognitive/neurological symptoms of Dementia?

A
  1. Memory impairment
  2. Aphasia (difficulty with speech)
  3. Apraxia (difficulty with motor movements)
  4. Tremor(s)
  5. Difficulty with balance
  6. Shivering
26
Q

What is Excited Delirium?

A

It is characterized by the onset of agitation, aggression, distress, and possibly sudden death

27
Q

What 2 drugs are associated with Excited Delirium?

A
  1. Meth
  2. Cocaine
28
Q

What is believed to be the cause of Excited Delirium?

A

Acidosis, rhabdomyolysis (release of proteins, causing cardiac failure/renal failure) and hyperkalemia

29
Q

What are 7 signs/symptoms of Excited Delirium?

A
  1. Aggressive behavior
  2. Increased pain tolerance
  3. Unexpected physical strength
  4. Inappropriate clothing (nakedness)
  5. Reflection attraction/attraction to glass or mirrors
  6. Diaphoresis
  7. Tachypnea
30
Q

What are 5 things you as a Paramedic should remember when caring for a patient experiencing Excited Delirium?

A
  1. DO NOT leave them alone
  2. Do not leave the stretcher on loading height in the hospital
  3. Obtain vitals q5-q10 minutes (PRN)
  4. Manage and treat all injuries as needed
  5. Have police search them for weapons
31
Q

What are 3 important aspects to a psychiatric assessment?

A
  1. Scene safety: look for evidence of weapons, drug paraphernalia, violence
  2. Patient contact: make sure patient is informed of physical assessment, make attempt to rule out organic causes
  3. Transport: do not try to overstimulate agitated patients, ensure you are transporting with the right amount of help (EMS or PD)
32
Q

Does a patient have the right to refuse care/help?

A

Yes. Typically a patient who is mentally competent, normally has the sole right to refuse or consent to any health care treatment. even if refusal increases the seriousness of the illness or the possibility of death…Ask yourself, are the a harm to themself or others?

33
Q

What are 2 important questions you need to determine the answers to when deciding if a mental health/suspected suicidal patient needs to be transported to the hospital?

A
  1. Does the patient have a plan?
  2. Have they tried to kill themself before?
34
Q

Is the following true or false:
Under the Occupational Health and Safety act, Section 43 (1) and (2) Paramedics do not have the right to refuse unsafe work where the circumstances are dure to the inherent nature of employment

A

True

35
Q

What are 4 examples of situations where Paramedics CAN refuse work?

A
  1. Continuing/active ongoing violence
  2. Dangerous weapons on scene
  3. Fire or uncontained hazards
  4. Directed to do so by FD/PD/ Management or CACC
36
Q

What are 4 ways you as a Paramedic can assess a scene/determine if it is safe to approach?

A
  1. Utilize information from dispatch to judge how to approach
  2. Consider arriving at a distance and speaking with bystanders
  3. Drive by the residence to assess for potential dangers
  4. Proceed with caution, and understand you must make an attempt to visualize the scene
37
Q

When is a patient deemed to have Capacity?

A

Generally, a patient is deemed to have capacity if they understand the relevant information that is required for making a decision and able to appreciate the reasonably foreseeable consequences of a decision or lack of a decision

38
Q

What are 3 examples of questions you can ask to help determine if someone has capacity?

A
  1. Do they live alone?
  2. Do they know who they are?
  3. Do they have any underlying mental health disorders that may affect their ability to make rational decisions?
39
Q

How does a Taser work?

A

It produces electrical signals, confusing the peripheral neuromuscular by overloading the nerve fibers with meaningless signals - pt. appears to have seizure type activity but it is only muscular

40
Q

What 2 things are important to remember regarding probe/taser removal on a patient?

A
  1. Ensure that if police need to take photos of injuries pre and post dart removal, they do
  2. You need to remove darts before transport…if able to do so
41
Q

What are the 5 steps to Dart removal?

A
  1. Cut away clothing (if possible/necessary) and wipe the surrounding area with an alcohol wipe
  2. Grasp the dart with the non-dominant hand to steady it
  3. Grab the probe between the dart body and the skin with hemostats
  4. Stretch the skin with your non-dominant hand
  5. Using the hemostats, pull the probe out with a quick jerk in a vertical direction while simultaneously applying counter traction
42
Q

What are the 3 steps you should take post-dart removal?

A
  1. Inspect the probe(s) carefully to ensure it is intact
  2. Inspect the site(s) of the wound carefully to ensure there is nothing still embedded
  3. Unless the police request the probe, safely dispose of it in a sharps container
43
Q

What are the 5 anatomical regions that if a dart is located in you don’t remove them?

A
  1. Head/face
  2. Neck (above the clavicles)
  3. In the nipples
  4. Groin (scrotum or genital area)
  5. Bone
44
Q

What are 2, non-anatomical, reasons to not remove darts from a patient?

A
  1. The patient is less than 16 years of age
  2. The patient refuses to let you remove them/does not have the capacity to consent to the removal of them

EMRG 1305 - Tina’s Class (7 decks)

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