PEDIATRICS Flashcards
Week 4
What are the ages for the Pediatric Stages of Development?
Neonate:
Infant:
Child:
Adolescent:
Neonate: Birth -> 1 month
Infant: 1 month -> 1 year of age
Child: 1 -> 12 years of age
Adolescent: 12 -> 18 years of age
True or false:
Nonspecific concerns about a young infant’s behavior, feeding, or sleeping pattern may be tip-offs to a serious underlying illness or injury
true
Describe the larynx’s location in a child
It is high and anterior, at the level of C3-C4
Describe the epiglottis in a child
It is long, stiff and U-shaped
True or false:
In pediatrics, cardiac output is rate dependent
true
What is the narrowest part of a child’s airway?
The cricoid (ring)
What are 2 reasons why infants may appear o have a distended abdomen?
- Weak abdominal muscles
- The size of solid organs (vulnerable to blunt trauma)
In infants, where do they liver and spleen extend below?
Below the rib cage
What is the formula to estimate the amount of blood in pediatrics?
80ml/kg
True or false:
Pediatrics have a good ability to compensate by constricting their peripheral vasculature = increase to systemic vascular resistance (maintaining BP & increased HR)
true
In pediatrics, what is a very late sign that they are compensating very poorly?
Hypotension/low blood pressure
In pediatrics, what if bulging of the fontanelle a sign of?
Spinal meningitis
Why are pediatrics prone to febrile seizures?
Because their immature CNS system makes them susceptible to an influx in temperature regulation
Until what age does the fontanelle remain open?
18 months
What are 6 things that can result from a low body temperature in babies and infants (pediatrics)?
- Respiratory depression
- Acidosis
- Decreased cardiac output
- Increases the duration of action of drugs
- Decreases platelet function
- Increases the risk of infection
Pediatrics/neonates have a poorly formed blood brain barrier, what effect do drugs have on their blood brain barrier as a result of it being poorly formed?
Drugs such as barbiturates, opioids and antibiotics, and bilirubin are able to cross the blood brain barrier easier causing a prolonged and variable duration of action
In pediatrics, why are fractures more common than sprains?
Because their bones are weaker than their ligaments
True or false:
Babies and infants have poorly developed shivering, sweating and vasoconstriction mechanisms
true
By what stage in life will most growth plates be closed?
Late adolescence
What are the heart rate values for the following ages:
0-3 months
3-6 months
6-12 months
1-3 years
6 years
10 years
0-3 months: 90-180
3-6 months: 80-160
6-12 months: 80-140
1-3 years: 75-130
6 years: 70-110
10 years: 60-90
What is the formula to help estimate what a pediatrics’ pulse should be?
150 - (5 x age)
What are the respiratory rate values for the following ages:
0-3 months
3-6 months
6-12 months
1-3 years
6 years
10 years
0-3 months: 30-60
3-6 months: 30-60
6-12 months: 25-45
1-3 years: 20-30
6 years: 16-24
10 years: 14-20
What is the formula that estimates the normotension value in pediatrics, based on their age?
(2 x age) + 90
What is the formula that estimates the hypotension value in pediatrics, based on their age?
(2 x age) + 70