term 4 final exams Flashcards
World war 1 lasted for … from …
4 years
1914 - 1918
Allied powers: …
Britain, France, Italy and Russia
Central powers: …
Germany, Austria-Hungery and Turkey.
These event in Balkans led to WW1:
- The ottoman Empire was collapsing
- Serbia became an independent state. (Serbia was part of the Ottoman Empire)
- Austria was concerned about the growing power of Serbia in the Balkans and wanted to take control of Serbia.
(Austria also had the Austrian Empire)
… was the heir to the throne in Austria.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
He was an
…man but a …, he was and …
unpopular
family man
compassionate
caring
why did Austria want to go to war with Serbia …
in order to destroy Serbia’s
independence.
Austria had troops in …
Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia. (Bosnia was part of the
Austrian Empire)
… and … are countries that are right next to each other.
bosina
serbia
Many people in Serbia were willing to help Bosnia leave the Austrian empire.
One of those people was … who was part of the Black Hand
Gavrilo Princip
what was the black hand
was a military group in Serbia
Gavrino Princip was a … who wanted to help …
Serbian
Bosnia get out of the
Austrian Empire,
On Sunday, 28th June, 1914
…., Franz Ferdinand and his wife went to Sarajevo
by train then took a car to the City Hall (the cars top was rolled back).
Someone of the Black hand threw a hand grenade but it exploded under the
next car (missed the intended car).
The car that the Archduke was in then sped off to the City Hall.
Princip was also there attending the procession, because he wanted to assassinate the Archduke.
As the Archduke and his wife left the City Hall, Princip was in the street with a gun in his pocket waiting for them.
As the Archduke and his wife drove past him, Princip shot them dead.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the … throne
Austrian
Gavrilo Princip was a ….
Serbian
Austria now found a reason to go to war
with Serbia. what was the reason
Due to the fact that Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the Austrian throne and Gavrilo Princip was a Serbian.
The following countries joined the war:
> Russia was supporting Serbia.
France then joined Russia by supporting Serbia.
Germany fought with Austria
Germany wanted to get France out the war fast in order to fight with…
Russia.
On their way to France, the German troops invaded…
Belgium.
when did Britain declare
war.
on 4 August 1914
in … the British government introduced a conscription.
1916
The British government used…to get men to join the army.
explain
propaganda
If men didn’t want to join the army, they were given a white feather to shame him into joining. (this was a symbol of cowardice)
what is propaganda
Propaganda is the misuse of information to promote a cause.
Due to the fact that SA was a British colony, they sided with… and went to war against …
tell me more
Britain
Germany.
White and black men joined, but the Black, Coloured and Indian men weren’t allowed to carry weapons so they served as non combatants.
…. joined the Allied Powers and …. joined the Central Powers.
The USA only joined the war at the end to …
italy
Turkey
help Britain and its allies win the war which means that Germany and its allies were defeated.
Russia withdrew from the war because:
> 2 million Russians were killed and
millions were dying from starvation.
The people were starving to death as well as
freezing to death.
tell me about the Trenches
Most of the war was fought on the western front. (The border between France and Germany).
Soldiers from both side dug long holes to hide in.
This was to protect themselves.
If anyone lifted their heads above the top of the trench, there would be a chance that the enemy would see them and shoot shoot their heads off by shells or bullets.
Trench warfare -
men on the western front lived and fought from
trenches dug into the ground.
Shells -
metal case filled with explosives, fired from a large gun or cannon.
No Man’s Land
Between the trenches of the French and German people there was an area
This was an area of empty land between the two sides
On Christmas day in 1914…
the soldiers on the western front stopped fighting and met in No Man’s Land. They started singing christmas carols.
A Dugout was …
an area that was carved out on the sides of the trenches.
This was a space that was used for soldiers to rest.
They could rest from what they were
going through. (physically and mentally)
Reasons why WW1 broke out
Nationalism
Industrial economies
Control of the seas
Colonisation and empires
The soldiers that were living in the trenches lived in horrible conditions like:
> There were bad smells due to rotten bodies,
> Infections and diseases like cholera, dysentery, and typhus,
> The trenches were full of rats that eat the dead bodies,
> The soldiers could get trench fever caused by lice,
> The soldiers suffered shell shock that was caused by the exploding bombs etc.
> They also suffered from headaches and mental diseases.
what is Shell shock
effects of shell shock
is a form of mental breakdown that is caused by the constant death, comrades bleeding in misery and noise of gunfire around them.
diarrhoea, anxiety, ticks on their faces, stomach cramps, sleeplessness and nightmares.
Nationalism
The people in Europe were proud of their country. They were prepared to fight for
their country’s honor in a war. They wanted their country to be the most powerful and richest
empire.
Industrial economies
There was competition between Britain and Germany to be leaders of the industrial economies within Europe. Britain was the first country to be industrialised and became rich through manufacturing, but Germany quickly caught up and took the lead in the
early 20th century.
Control of the seas
There was tensions building between European countries, particularly between Britain and Germany. Britain had a strong navy. It was used to keep control of their vast Empire. The German Kaiser said he was going to build a great navy to rival the British navy. This lead to increased competition of who is more powerful.
Colonisation and empires
European countries colonised many parts of the world, by doing this the nations of Europe became richer and more powerful towards each other. France and Britain had many colonies which made Europe more powerful. Germany was jealous and wanted to
increase its empire.
Suffragette comes from the word… which means …
‘Suffrage’
‘the right to vote’.
tell me about the suffragette
The suffragettes fought for women’s rights, to be treated equally and to be able to vote.
The suffragettes used civil disobedience to get attention from the public and the press.
This is direct action in order to fight for women’s rights.
Women after the war.
For women being employed made them more independent.
Women were divided
the single and widowed women felt like they had more of a right to be employed compared to married women.
After the war there was a rise in unemployment and the men were angry that the women had taken their jobs.
There were a few changes in the roles women played during the war.
> Thousands of women joined the Armed Forces as nurses. (they weren’t allowed to fight)
> Women were filling the roles of men on farms and in factories.
> While men were at war, the women went to do the work for the men. The women became employed and more independant
A soldier in the war who had witnessed death all around him had written a
poem called …
tell me about it
“The Flanders Fields”.
This represents the sacrifices of the dead
soldiers.
This poem was used by the British government as propaganda to help encourage men to join the war.
This poem was not against the war, but encourages the fighting soldiers to
keep on fighting.
Flanders Fields are…
the poppy fields of Flanders in Belgium on the western front.
What is the Treaty of Versailles?
This was the peace treaty that was signed at the end of WW1.
A peace treaty is …
signed at the end of every war by the leaders of those countries that fought.
The countries that won the war wanted revenge on Germany and Germany was punished.
How was Germany punished?
> Germany had no say in what happened.
> Germany had to pay for the cost of the war, for reparations for the damage.
> Germany lost land.
> Germany had to admit that they were to blame for the war and had to sign the War Guilt Clause.
> Germany was not to build up a defence force again.
