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history > pg 114 to 118 > Flashcards

pg 114 to 118 Flashcards

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1
Q

before the industrial revolution…

A

half of the population of Britain lived in small farming villages

they used simple farming tools
produced enough to feed themselves

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2
Q

explain farmlands

A

shared
consisted of open fields
did not have fences, hedges or walls

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3
Q

what is common land

A

land that is shared and can be used by everyone
farmers grazed their livestock on the common land

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4
Q

what happened in the beginning of the 18th century

A

England was growing richer because of the trade
population of England was increasing
there was more demand for food

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5
Q

what did the demand of food lead to

A

inventions that improved crop and livestock production

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6
Q

what is an invention

A

the creation of something new

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7
Q

definition of fallow

A

not planted or used

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8
Q

what is the agricultural revolution

A

a change in the way farming was done

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9
Q

instead of farmers sharing fields…

A

there was a movement to enclose land that would belong to one person

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10
Q

explain larger enclosed farms

A

more efficient
meant more and better food production

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11
Q

the enclosed movement was was…

A

part of the agricultural revolution

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12
Q

when was land first enclosed and by who

A

16th century
wealthy landowners
who wanted large sheep farms to produce wool

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13
Q

the system of enclosure was regulated by… through…

A

government laws
acts of parliament

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14
Q

most enclosures were carried out in the

A

1760s and 1770s

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15
Q

most farms in england were enclosed by…

A

1800

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16
Q

what did the enclosures do

A

suited the wealthy landowners

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17
Q

which people were allowed to use the land

A

landowners

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18
Q

common land became …

A

private properties

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19
Q

which people suffered with enclosure movement and what happened to them

A

small farmers
farm laborers
were left homeless and poor
moved from rural areas to growing industrial towns to find work as miners or factory workers

20
Q

in the 18th century how did they keep the land fertile

A

used 3 field crop rotation

farmers let one field fallow each year and did not plant the same crop 2 years running

21
Q

what is a cottage industry

A

products made at home; in a cottage
handicrafts done at home by peopl who lived in farmong villages

22
Q

some people took on a second job like…

A

weaving woolen cloth in their homes

23
Q

most of the people involved in the cottage industry were…
why did they do it

A

the wives of the farm laborers
needed to earn extra money to add on to their husbands wages

24
Q

what was one of the oldest cottage industries in England

A

making woollen cloth for clothing

25
Q

process of making woollen cloth

A

merchant or trader would buy the raw material (fleece or wool of a sheep) from a farmer

women would prepare wool using strong brushes

spinsters (women) would spin and comb the wool into a thread

weavers (men) would use had looms to weave the spun wool into cloth

fuller (man) would trample the cloth in a kind of clay (fullers earth)to shrink and soften cloth

merchant paid different crafts people for their work. he would take the finished cloth and make a profit

26
Q

what is the industrial revolution

A

period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in Agriculture, Manufacturing, Mining, Transportation and Technology had affect on the social and economic conditions

27
Q

where did the industrial revolution start

A

Britain
spread through western europe and the rest of the world

28
Q

define manufacture

A

to make things using machines

29
Q

name some changes during the industrial revolution

A

machines
factories
power and energy
mining
transportation

30
Q

why were the first machines invented

A

to manufacture cloth (woollen cloth and cotton cloth)

31
Q

woollen cloth is made from

A

sheeps wool

32
Q

cotton cloth is made from

A

cotton grown on slave plantations in America

33
Q

example of machine that was created

A

power loom

34
Q

another name for factories

A

land buildings

35
Q

why were factories built

A

new machines were built and they were too big to fit into peoples houses

36
Q

name some inventions that were created in the cloth industry and explain

A

SPINNING JENNY
1764
James Hargreaves
spun many threads at the same time

WATER FRAME
1769
Richard Arkwright
used water to drive spinning machines

POWER LOOM
1785
Edmund Cartwright
could weave very fast

37
Q

from before the industrial revolution Britain had a…

A

river transport system

38
Q

what happened in 1761

A

first of many canals were built to link up rivers to make a waterway system

39
Q

what happened by 1800

A

there were about 5000km of canal in england

40
Q

what was mined before the industrial revolution

A

coal and iron ore

41
Q

what were steam pumps used for

A

pump water out of mines so that miners could dig deeper

42
Q

where were factories built

A

near coal and iron ore mines

43
Q

what are barges and what were they used for

A

flat bottomed boats
used to carry goods along the canals
pulled by horses

44
Q

where did goods made in factories have to be transported to

A

seaports

45
Q

before the industrial revolution people and goods were transported…

A

along dirt roads by coaches and wagons pulled by horses

46
Q

who invented tarmac roads

A

John MacAdam

history (9 decks)

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