pg 114 to 118 Flashcards
before the industrial revolution…
half of the population of Britain lived in small farming villages
they used simple farming tools
produced enough to feed themselves
explain farmlands
shared
consisted of open fields
did not have fences, hedges or walls
what is common land
land that is shared and can be used by everyone
farmers grazed their livestock on the common land
what happened in the beginning of the 18th century
England was growing richer because of the trade
population of England was increasing
there was more demand for food
what did the demand of food lead to
inventions that improved crop and livestock production
what is an invention
the creation of something new
definition of fallow
not planted or used
what is the agricultural revolution
a change in the way farming was done
instead of farmers sharing fields…
there was a movement to enclose land that would belong to one person
explain larger enclosed farms
more efficient
meant more and better food production
the enclosed movement was was…
part of the agricultural revolution
when was land first enclosed and by who
16th century
wealthy landowners
who wanted large sheep farms to produce wool
the system of enclosure was regulated by… through…
government laws
acts of parliament
most enclosures were carried out in the
1760s and 1770s
most farms in england were enclosed by…
1800
what did the enclosures do
suited the wealthy landowners
which people were allowed to use the land
landowners
common land became …
private properties
which people suffered with enclosure movement and what happened to them
small farmers
farm laborers
were left homeless and poor
moved from rural areas to growing industrial towns to find work as miners or factory workers
in the 18th century how did they keep the land fertile
used 3 field crop rotation
farmers let one field fallow each year and did not plant the same crop 2 years running
what is a cottage industry
products made at home; in a cottage
handicrafts done at home by peopl who lived in farmong villages
some people took on a second job like…
weaving woolen cloth in their homes
most of the people involved in the cottage industry were…
why did they do it
the wives of the farm laborers
needed to earn extra money to add on to their husbands wages
what was one of the oldest cottage industries in England
making woollen cloth for clothing
process of making woollen cloth
merchant or trader would buy the raw material (fleece or wool of a sheep) from a farmer
women would prepare wool using strong brushes
spinsters (women) would spin and comb the wool into a thread
weavers (men) would use had looms to weave the spun wool into cloth
fuller (man) would trample the cloth in a kind of clay (fullers earth)to shrink and soften cloth
merchant paid different crafts people for their work. he would take the finished cloth and make a profit
what is the industrial revolution
period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in Agriculture, Manufacturing, Mining, Transportation and Technology had affect on the social and economic conditions
where did the industrial revolution start
Britain
spread through western europe and the rest of the world
define manufacture
to make things using machines
name some changes during the industrial revolution
machines
factories
power and energy
mining
transportation
why were the first machines invented
to manufacture cloth (woollen cloth and cotton cloth)
woollen cloth is made from
sheeps wool
cotton cloth is made from
cotton grown on slave plantations in America
example of machine that was created
power loom
another name for factories
land buildings
why were factories built
new machines were built and they were too big to fit into peoples houses
name some inventions that were created in the cloth industry and explain
SPINNING JENNY
1764
James Hargreaves
spun many threads at the same time
WATER FRAME
1769
Richard Arkwright
used water to drive spinning machines
POWER LOOM
1785
Edmund Cartwright
could weave very fast
from before the industrial revolution Britain had a…
river transport system
what happened in 1761
first of many canals were built to link up rivers to make a waterway system
what happened by 1800
there were about 5000km of canal in england
what was mined before the industrial revolution
coal and iron ore
what were steam pumps used for
pump water out of mines so that miners could dig deeper
where were factories built
near coal and iron ore mines
what are barges and what were they used for
flat bottomed boats
used to carry goods along the canals
pulled by horses
where did goods made in factories have to be transported to
seaports
before the industrial revolution people and goods were transported…
along dirt roads by coaches and wagons pulled by horses
who invented tarmac roads
John MacAdam
