TERM 3- MY NOTES MENTAL HEALTH NURSING CARE CH.1 "UNDERSTANDING MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL ILLNESS" Flashcards
Mental Health
,
UNDERSTANDING MENTAL HEALTHAND MENTAL ILLNESS
,
In general, there are seven important characteristics of mental health, and they are Mentally healthy people: • Interpret reality accurately • Have a healthy self-concept • Are able to relate to others • Achieve a sense of meaning in life • Demonstrate creativity/productivity • Have control over their behavior • Adapt to change and conflict
True
The ability to accurately determine reality (what really is or exists) is a basic component of mental health.
A)true
B)false
A
A healthy self-concept includes first a realistic appraisal of the self (abilities, function, and appearance).
A)true
B)false
A
Insight, or self-under-standing, is an important part of relating to oneself, because it allows people to see their own motivations or reasons behind their feelings and behavior.
A)true
B)false
A
A person who lacks insight might refuse to take a medication because it causes his mouth to be dry.
A)true
B)false
A
With insight, a person could decide that even though he does not like to take the medication, it helps his mental illness, so he will take it.
A)true
B)false
A
Insight is critical for positive decision making about health issues.
A)true
B)false
A
Love is the most imporrant human emotion.
A)true
B)false
A
Normal human development is not possible in isolation
A)true
B)false
A
People must be able to interact with and relate to others in order to flourish.
A)true
B)false
A
Many people find a sense of meaning in the world through religion. Many others find meaning in nature, philosophy, ethics, or service to others.
A)true
B)false
A
Some people think concretely, meaning literally or without creativity. For example, a concrete thinker may say that the proverb “A stitch in time saves nine” means that if you sew something up in time you will save nine stitches.
A more abstract thinker might say it means that if you put a little bit of work into solving a problem early, you will save a lot of trouble in the long term.
True
Another aspect of healthy creativity is a sense of productivity or contribution.
A)true
B)false
A
Control of behavior means that mentally healthy people can balance conflicts with their instincts, conscience, and reality before they act.
A)true
B)false
A
The healrhiesr people have the integrity to act on their values
A)true
B)false
A
Adaptability is critical to success as a person. The one consistent thing around us is that everything is changing. Healthy people can compromise, plan, and be flexible. They can manage conflict successfully. Learning to change is not easy, but if people are healthy, they will manage it.
A)true
B)false
A
Mental health is really a range of behavior, thoughts, and feelings; it is a relative state instead of an absolute state.
A)true
B)false
A
People with chronic physical illnesses such as diabetes or heart disease can still be healthy (within the limits of their abilities) if they choose healthy behaviors and participate in treatment
A)true
B)false
A
Just as a person with a physical illness can be relatively healthy, people with mental illnesses can take their medications, choose healthy behaviors within their abilities, and be healthier also.
A)true
B)false
A
Mental Disorders
,
Mental disorders are illnesses with symptoms related to thinking, feeling, or behavior. They are due to genetic, biological, social, chemical, or psychological influences.
A)true
B)false
A
Much research has been done on mental disorders. The definitive source for psychiatrists and other physicians to use for the diagnostic criteria for mental disorders is the DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS ( DSM)
A)true
B)false
A
People are not defined by their illnesses. A person wit a disease is just that, a person first, not a diabetic, or a schizophrenic, or “the appendectomy in room 213.”
A)true
B)false
A
The following is the DSM’s five-axis diagnosis system:
Axis I: Clinical Psychiatric Disorders
Axis II: Personality Disorders or Mental Retardation
Axis III: General Medical Conditions
Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning
True
CASE EXAMPLE
A 50-year-old male client with a history of major depressive disorder was admitted to the hospital after he told his psychiatrist he was thinking of hurting himself. His wife left him 2 months ago and he lost his job about a month after because he was too depressed to go to work regularly. He has hypertension. He has no close friends. Our client’s multiaxial diagnostic statement would be:
Axis 1: Major Depressive Disorder
Axis II: None
Axis Ill: Hypertension
Axis IV: Separation from spouse, loss of job
Axis V: SO (serious symptoms) on Global Assessment of Functioning Scale
True
The client’s mental and physical diseases, life stressors, and the effects on the person’s ability to function are valuable data for planning client care.
A)true
B)false
A
Nurses concentrate more on how people are affected by these disorders.
A)true
B)false
A
Major depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability in developed countries.
A)true
B)false
A
CULTURAL PULSE POINTS
,
European American is the dominant culture in the United States.
A)true
B)false
A
Cultural Factors Related to the Environment and Client Functioning
,
for example, in a culture where mental illness has a severe stigma that extends to the entire family (some people may not want to marry into such a family), a client may feel a burden of guilt for affecting the whole family.
A)true
B)false
A
Cultural Explanations of the Client’s Illness
,
Amok is a dissociative episode.
The client may have a period of brooding and feel persecuted, followed by violent behavior directed at people or objects. The client may not remember the episode and will return to usual functioning afterward.
Amok was originally described in Malaysia. A similar condition with different names is found in the Philippines, Laos, Polynesia, and among the Navajo.
True
Bilis, colera, or muina results in symptoms of acute nervous tension, headache, trembling, screaming, stomach disturbances, and possibly loss of consciousness caused by strongly experienced anger or rage
Anger is viewed among many Latino groups as a very powerful emotion that can have direct effects on the body. The major effect of anger is to disrupt the body’s balance (between the material and spiritual or hot and cold aspects of a person).
True
Mal de ojo is a concept widely found in Mediterranean cultures and elsewhere in the world. This Spanish phrase means “evil eye” in English. Symptoms include restless sleep, crying without apparent cause, diarrhea, vomiting, and a fever in a child or infant. Children are at higher risk, but adults (especially females) can have the condition.
True
Nervios is an expression of distress among Latinos in the United States and Latin America. Several other ethnic groups have similar ideas about”nerves.” It refers to a generaI state of vulnerability to stressful life experiences and to a range of symptoms of emotional distress brought on by difficult circumstances.
Common symptoms include headaches that the client may describe as “brain aches,” irritability, difficulty sleeping, easy tearfulness, stomach disturbances, trembling, and difficulty concentrating. Nervios tends to be an ongoing problem that has a wide range of expressions
True
Five Most Common Mental Disorders in the World
,
- Major depressive disorder
- Alcohol abuse
- Schizophrenia
- Self-inflicted injuries
- Bipolar disorder
True
Key Facts About the Incidence of Mental Illness in the United States
,
(about 1 in every 4 adults) will be affected by a mental disorder.
A)true
B)false
A
Mental illness is the leading cause of disability in the United States and Canada for ages 15-44
A)true
B)false
A
Most private medical insurance either does not cover mental illness treatment or covers it at a lower level than general medical illness
A)true
B)false
A
Stigma of Mental Illness
,
Simply talking about mental illness often causes people to laugh nervously because mental illness has a stigma, or “mark of disgrace,” in our culture.
A)true
B)false
A
People can feel so ashamed of having a mental illness that they refuse to seek treatment
A)true
B)false
A
Even physicians sometimes hesitate to give their clients the diagnosis of a mental disorder for fear that the clients will be “labeled” and created badly as a result.
A)true
B)false
A
Nurses can take the lead by basing their practice on evidence, not assumptions or stereotypes.
A)true
B)false
A
Historical Perspectives
,
Mental illness came before psychiatrists and mental health nurses.
A)true
B)false
A
In the earliest of recorded times, mental illness was thought to be due to supernatural forces. Mentally ill people were created as though they were affected by either demons or divine influences.
A)true
B)false
A