TERM 3- MY NOTES FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING CH.17 "COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES" Flashcards
0
Q
Complementary therapies are therapies used in addition to conventional treatment recommended by a person’s health care provider. As the name implies, complementary therapies do not substitute for but rather complement the conventional treatment.
A)true
B)false
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A
1
Q
Complementary and Alternative Therapies
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2
Q
______________ therapies are therapies used in addition to conventional treatment recommended by a person’s health care provider. As the name implies, ___________ therapies do not substitute for but rather complement the conventional treatment.
A
Complementary
3
Q
Complementary therapies include exercise, massage, reflexology, prayer, biofeedback, creative therapies (art, music, or dance therapy), guided imagery, acupuncture, relaxation strategies, chiropractic therapy, therapeutic touch, and herbalism
A)true
B)false
A
A
4
Q
Alternative therapies, on the other hand, often include the same interventions as complementary therapies, but frequently become the primary treatment modality that replaces allopathic medicine (traditional or conventional Western medicine).
A)true
B)false
A
A
5
Q
__________therapies, on the other hand, often include the same interventions as complementary therapies, but frequently become the primary treatment modality that replaces allopathic medicine (traditional or conventional Western medicine).
A
Alternative
6
Q
The number of patients seeking unconventional treatments has risen considerably. Between one third and one half of the population of the United States uses one or more forms of CAM. In large part, this popularity is due to
(1) the perception that the treatments offered by the medical profession do not provide relief for a variety of common illnesses;
(2) the increasing interest of patients in becoming more eduucated about their health and the need to take a more active role in their treatment;
(3) the increased number of articles in journals such as Annals of Behavioral Medicine, Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, and Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, as well as coverage of CAM therapies in respected general medical journals;
(4) programs seen on television; and
(5) the attraction to a holistic approach to health care that incorporates the mind, the body, and the spirit.
A
True
7
Q
People also tend to turn to alternative therapies because they believe them to be less invasive and gentler than allopathic or traditional medicine and perceive them to incorporate a more holistic approach. Prevention is fundamental to most of the CAM therapies.
A)true
B)false
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A
8
Q
In contrast, the strength of allopathic medicine is its effectiveness in treating certain physical ailments (e.g., bacterial infections, structural abnormalities, acute emergencies). In general, it focuses less on preventing disease, decreasing stress-induced illnesses, managing chronic disease, and caring for the emotional and spiritual needs of individuals.
A)true
B)false
A
A
9
Q
Many of the complementary therapies, such as acupuncture, make use of diagnostic and therapeutic methods specific to their field, whereas others, such as guided imagery, are essentially adjunctive in nature.
A)true
B)false
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A
10
Q
Project an open, nonjudgmental attitude when obtaining a health history so that the patient feels comfortable in providing all information about any therapies he or she is currently receiving
A)true
B)false
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A
11
Q
Insurance coverage is becoming more common for several of these treatments. Many policies cover chriopractic treatments and massage therapy if ordered by a health care provider. Acupuncture is also covered under some policies. Insurance companies are beginning to see the value of preventive measures, as well as treatment for acute injury or illness. From a risk management perspective, many of the alternative therapies are attractive since they work to maintain health, as well as restore it
A)true
B)false
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A
12
Q
The Office of Alternative Medicine (now the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine) was established in 1992 as part of the National Institutes of Health. The goals of this office are to facilitate the evaluation of alternative medical treatment, specifically acting as a clearinghouse to distribute information to the public, the media, and professionals and supporting, coordinating, and conducting research and research training in the area of alternative medicine.
A)true
B)false
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A
13
Q
Holistic Nursing
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14
Q
Holistic nursing addresses and treats the mind-body-spirit of the patient.
A)true
B)false
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15
Q
Nurses use holistic nursing interventions such as relaxation therapy, guided imagery, music therapy, simple touch, massage, and prayer. Such interventions affect the whole person (mind-body-spirit) and are effective, economiy-scal, noninvasive, nonpharmacologic complements to medical care.Holistic interventions can be used to augment standard treatments, to replace interventions that are ineffective or debilitating, and to promote or maintain health.
A)true
B)false
A
A
16
Q
The American Holistic Nursing Association (2007) maintains standards of holistic nursing practice, which define and establish the scope of holistic practice and describe the level of care expected from a holistic nurse.
- Nurses who provide holistic care need to recognize that prayer is a valued and frequently used coping strategy for many patients, especially cancer patients.
- One means at your disposal to help patients cope is to recognize and facilitate patients’ use of prayer.
- Patients are likely to pray at times of symptom distress and emotional distress, and during diagnostic and therapeutic processes. At such times, your help is valuable in fostering conditions and an environment conducive to prayer.
- Although there are commonalities in prayer experiences, typically prayer is unique to the individual. Therefore, you will be called on to design nursing strategies for facilitating prayer with sensitivity to the uniqueness of each patient.
- You contribute to the patient’s opportunity for prayer by helping the patient relax, offering spiritual reading material, placing the patient with a view of nature, offering a notebook for journaling, and safeguarding the patient’s privacy by preventing unnecessary intrusion into the room during this time.
A
True
17
Q
HERBAL THERAPY
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18
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Herbalists were consulted by and worked in conjunction with medical physicians until the 1930s, when the last accredited herbal schools closed
A)true
B)false
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19
Q
Still, many of those drugs, as well as medications in use today, had their origins in herbs. An example is digitalis, which comes from the finger-shaped foxglove herb. Used in the treatment of heart failure, it is commonly prescribed by health care providers
A)true
B)false
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A
20
Q
The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act passed in 1994 now allows for herbs to be sold as dietary supplements as long as there are no health claims written on their labels.
A)true
B)false
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A
21
Q
Because herb use is not widely accepted or understood by mainstream medical caregivers, patients often do not disclose their use of herbs to their health care provider. Many use prescription drugs concurrently with herbal remedies and face possible health risks as a result of adverse interactions
A)true
B)false
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A
22
Q
As a nurse, you help patients make educated decisions about their health; there is no reason for this to exclude the use of herbs
A)true
B)false
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23
Q
Teach patients that before taking any herbal product, it is best to review it with a health care professional, pharmacist, or certified herbalist.
A)true
B)false
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Treatment is provided in a variety of ways. It is possible to take dried herbs orally in capsule or tablet form. Tinctures are made by placing herbs in alcohol or vinegar and allowed to sit until the Liquid absorbs the properties of the herb. The liquid is then strained and used.
A)true
B)false
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Remind patients to take care to only use herbs from a reliable source. Before using any fresh herbs, it is best to obtain exact identification from a trained professional.
A)true
B)false
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Always know exactly what the herb is and what its actions are before using any herb
A)true
B)false
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Many herbs interact with various medications. For example,
-the combination of valerian and barbiturates will probably cause excessive sedation.
- Ginseng is likely to interfere with the actions of digoxin.
- Advise against taking St. John's wort concurrently with antidepressant medications.
Screen patients carefully in regard to herbal use and possible interactions with other medications.
A)true
B)false
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Commonly Used Herbs
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-Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng)
Improves overall health and well-being
Atherosclerosis, bleeding disorders, colitis, diabetes, depressant cancer
Avoid use if taking anticoagulants because it can prolong clotting. Avoid taking with CNS stimulants, estrogen, furosemide, ibuprofen, caffeine. Drug interactions are possible with agents that inhibit monoamine oxidase (phenelzine, St. John's wort, selegiline)
True
30
Aloe vera {Aloe ferox, A. barbadensis)
Burns, skin irritation Has laxative properties
Drug interactions exist with antidysrhythmics, cardiac glycosides (like digoxin), antidiabetics, beta blockers, steroids, diuretics, and disulfiram. Herb interactions exist with licorice
True
31
Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea, E. angustifolia, E. pal/ida)
Stimulates immune function; excellent blood cleanser; upper respiratory infections; wound healing
Drug interactions are possible with amprenavir, protease inhibitors, disufiram, metronidazole, immunosuppressants, cyclosporine and methotrexate, prednisone, alcohol, warfarin, digoxin, contraceptives, SSRis, MAOis.
True
32
Ginger (Zingiber officina/e)
Nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, appetite improvement, impotence, liver toxicity, burns
Drug interactions are possible with antacids, histamine H2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors, anticoagulants, barbiturates, disulfiram, and metronidazole.
True
33
Ginkgo, Maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba)
Improves memory, increases circulation to the extremities and the brain
Adverse reactions include dizziness, headache, subarachnoid and subdural hemorrhage, and cardiac insufficiency. There have been reports of seizures in children and bleeding complications. Potential drug interactions exist with antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, buproprion, tricyclic antidepressants, disufiram, metronidazole, MAOis, SSRis, and trazodone. Herb interactions include garlic.
True
34
Lavender (Lavandula officina/is)
Antiseptic, antidepressant, sedative Relaxation, minor cuts, psoriasis, fragrance
Used for its calming mild sedative effect. Add to warm bath water if desired to aid in relaxation
Excessive inhalation of the oil sometimes leads to vertigo, nausea, and syncope. Tell patients to avoid hazardous activities until full effects are known.
True
35
St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)
Mild to moderate depression, anxiety, viral infection, insomnia, premenstrual syndrome, topical myalgia, inflammation
Drug interactions include amiodarone, amitriptyline, chemotherapy drugs, cyclosporine, digoxin, drugs metabolized in cytochrome P-450 system, contraceptives (oral). protease inhibitors, theophylline and warfarin, SSRis, reserpine, and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
True
36
Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia)
Skin irritations, acne, athlete's foot Topical antiseptic, antifungal inhalation for respiratory disorders
Do not take in combination with drugs that affect histamine release. Do not apply to dry skin, cracked or broken skin, open wounds, or areas affected by rash that is not fungal. Do not use internally because of systemic toxicity.
Do not use around nose, eyes, and mouth because it sometimes causes burns or pruritus in tender areas. Use the pure oil only with close supervision by a health care provider.
True
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Other herbs
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Cayenne (Capsicum sp.)
General cardiovascular health. reduces cholesterol level; topical application produces analgesia, controls bleeding
Drug interactions exist with ACE inhibitors, heparin, ASA, disulfiram, and theophylline. Herb interactions exist with feverfew, garlic, ginger, and ginseng.
True
39
Comfrey (Symphytum officina/e)
Cell proliferent, stimulates quick healing of strains and slow-healing wounds (for external use only)
Umit use to 4 to 6 weeks per year to prevent exposure to large amounts of toxic alkaloids.
True
40
Valerian (Valeriana officina/is)
Insomnia, hyperactivity, stress, anxiety
Causes addictive effects in some patients taking barbiturates
Possible adverse reactions include hepatotoxic withdrawal.
True
41
Patient Teaching Using Complementary and Alternative Therapies
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* Use herbal preparations according to package or health care provider direction.
* When taking ginkgo, keep seeds out of children's reach because of the potential risk of seizures with ingestion.
* Consult your health care provider before starting a yoga program because some yoga postures are stressful to people with certain health problems (muscle injury is possible if the positions are not done correctly or if the body is forced into certain positions).
* Yoga is a complementary therapy, not a cure for disease. Patient will need to continue any conventional medical treatments he or she is currently following.
* When practicing yoga, try different positions cautiously; few people are able to do all the movements in the beginning. Yoga requires regular practice to be effective.
* Inform your primary care provider of any drugs you use, including herbal remedies, so that all agents-whether "nutraceutical" or pharmaceutical-will be considered in the plan of care.
* Stop taking the herb and notify your primary care provider if adverse effects or side effects occur.
* Avoid using combinations of herbs.
* "Natural" does not mean safe.
* Seek objective and scientifically based sources of information. Use caution when evaluating the claims made by herb manufacturers.
* Use only products that are standardized and known to contain a specific amount of active ingredients.
* Select herbal products carefully, buying only those that list the following information on the package: herb's common and scientific names, name and address of the manufacturer, batch or lot number, expiration date, dosage and administration guidelines, potential side effects, and details of how quality is ensured.
* Avoid using herbs and spices for at least 2 weeks before any surgery.
* Bear in mind that patients who self-prescribe medications will possibly have serious underlying physiologic or psychological conditions that require attention. Teach patient to devise health regimen that best suits his or her needs-whether or not herbs are used.
True
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* Herb-drug interactions do occur, as well as herb-herb interactions, and they pose serious risks; therefore, it is best to let the primary care provider determine the safety of combining herbs and drugs.
* Purchase herbal products that have been standardized, that is, products for which the effects are known for a given dosage and for which the manufacturer ensures consistency from batch to batch.
* Buy from reputable sources. Ask the primary health care provider for assistance in determining where to purchase herbs.
* Avoid herbs during pregnancy and lactation or when attempting to become pregnant.
* Neither the safety nor the efficacy of herbs has been conclusively documented in scientific literature.
* It is in the patient's best interest to undergo a complete medical evaluation before self-medicating with supplements whether to treat specific symptoms of an illness or as a preventive measure.
* Do not use herbs in larger-than-recommended dosages or for more than several weeks (unless approved by the health care provider).
* Do not give infants, children, and older adults herbal treatments without professional supervision.
* Postpone reflexology treatment if patient's feet have cuts, boils, bruises, or other injuries.
* Check with your health care provider before trying reflexology if patient has diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, or other vascular problems in the legs, such as thrombosis or phlebitis.
* Many people who claim to perform reflexology actually are performing a simple foot massage; advise patient to make sure the therapist has been trained in reflexology.
* Keep all herbs out of the reach of children and pets.
True
44
Common Essential Oils and Their Uses
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Eucalyptus
Use:
Respiratory problems
True
46
Lavender
Use:
Insomnia, stress, depression
Possibly causes CNS depression, confusion, vertigo, syncope, drowsiness, headache, neurotoxicity, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and respiratory depression
True
47
Lemon
Use:
Colds and flu, mental stimulation Diuretic, antiinflammatory
True
48
Peppermint
Use:
Acne, stomach upset General stimulant
Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease should avoid because peppermint sometimes exacerbates it
True
49
Rosemary
Use:
Internally: Mental stimulant; use for stress, circulatory problems
Externally: myalgias, neuralgia, pruritus, migraines
Promotes menstrual flow, induces abortions (do not use if pregnant); and relieves headache, liver, and gallbladder complaints and blood pressure problems. In high doses sometimes causes seizures.
True
50
Tea tree
Use:
Antiseptic Skin irritations, viral illness, respiratory infection
Topical applications have not shown to be toxic, but ingesting the oil will possibly produce CNS depression and gastrointestinal irritation
True
51
CHIROPRACTIC THERAPY
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52
Chiropractic therapy has been in existence since the late 1800s. Doctors of chiropractic medicine undergo extensive training in manipulation of the musculoskeletal system.
A)true
B)false
A
53
A doctor of chiropractic medicine does not prescribe medications as part of the treatment.
A)true
B)false
A
54
Other treatments, such as hot and cold packs, are sometimes used during the course of chiropractic treatment. The chiropractor will often consider lifestyle changes to help keep the patient functioning well without recurrence of the injury
A)true
B)false
A
55
LIMITATIONS OF CHIROPRACTIC THERAPY
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It is unwise to treat certain diseases or joint conditions with manipulation.
A)true
B)false
A
57
Contraindications for chiropractic therapy include acute myelopathy, fractmes, dislocations, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis. If a malignancy is suspected or determined through diagnostic testing, see that the patient is referred to a health care provider for further evaluation and treatment.
A)true
B)false
A
58
ACUPUNCTURE AND ACUPRESSURE
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59
Acupuncture and acupressure are therapies that are based on the belief that there is a form of energy or Qi (life force) that flows through the body along meridians (channels of energy)
A)true
B)false
A
60
These meridians, or channels, can become blocked, thus causing illness or discomfort. Therapy involves stimulating the channels at specific points to open them and allow the Qi to flow freely.
A)true
B)false
A
61
Pain is understood to result primarily from stagnant or blocked Qi, and opening up the dam in the flow of energy through a meridian relieves the pain.
A)true
B)false
A
62
Acupuncture is a method of stimulating certain points (acupoints) on the body by the insertion of special needles to modify the perception of pain, normalize physiologic functions, or treat or prevent disease. Fine needles inserted at specific points serve to open the meridians. These needles are sterile and extremely thin, much smaller than the needles used for insulin injection; each one is for one-time use only.
A)true
B)false
A
63
When all the needles are in place, the needles are stimulated manually, electrically, or with heat.
A) Acupuncture
B) Acupressure
A
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After the needles have been in place for about 20 minutes, the practitioner removes and discards them. There is usually little discomfort while the needles are inserted, and most patients state that they feel no distress at all.
A) Acupuncture
B) Acupressure
A
65
Acupuncture is the primary treatment modality used by physicians of Chinese medicine. Many allopathic or conventional Western physicians and health care professionals are also being trained and certified in acupuncture
A)true
B)false
A
66
The most common problems for which acupuncture is used include low back pain, myofascial pain, simple and migraine headaches, sciatica, shoulder pain, tennis elbow, osteoarthritis, whiplash, and musculoskeletal sprains
A)true
B)false
A
67
Other problems that have been successfully treated include sinusitis, gastrointestinal disorders, bladder leakage, premenstrual symptoms, neurologic disorders, chronic pulmonary disease (including asthma), hypertension, smoking and other addictions, and clinical depression
A) Acupuncture
B) Acupressure
A
68
Acupressure uses gentle pressure at similar points on the body. Pressure is sometimes applied with a finger and sometimes with a small, blunt object.
A)true
B)false
A
69
Acupressure is used primarily for prevention and relief of symptoms of muscle tension. The healing touch of acupressure reduces tension, increases circulation, and enables the body to relax deeply.
A)true
B)false
A
70
By relieving stress, acupressure increases resistance to disease and promotes wellness.
A)true
B)false
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71
Acupressure is beneficial in situations of discomfort and promotes the ability to rest or sleep
A)true
B)false
A
72
THERAPEUTIC MASSAGE
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Therapeutic massage is massage performed by trained professionals to manipulate the soft tissues of the body and assist with healing
A)true
B)false
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A patient with phlebitis or thrombosis needs to avoid massage of the affected extremity. Infectious skin diseases are also conditions where massage is contraindicated.
A)true
B)false
A
75
A session will last approximately an hour. A whole-body massage is sometimes done, with extra attention being given to the affected area. Oils or lotions are often used during the massage. Make sure the patient is checked for allergies before their use.
A)true
B)false
A
76
Life Span Considerations
Older Adults
Focus on Touch
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* Touch is a primal need, as necessary as food, growth, or shelter. Think of touch as a nutrient transmitted through the skin. "Skin hunger" has been described as a form of malnutrition that has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, especially among older adults.
* Older adults need touch as much as or more than any other age-group. However, skin hunger or poverty of touch is often acute among older adults. It is an unfortunate irony that older adults often have fewer family members or friends to touch them just at the time when there is greatest need to use simple touch to enhance communication or when other senses are sometimes reduced in acuity.
* Simple touch helps older adult patients feel more connected to and accepted by those around them and to their environment. Self-esteem and sense of worth are enhanced.
* A nurse who reacts adversely to the skin changes of older adults will perhaps find it difficult to touch an older patient. Such reluctance goes on to communicate a negative message to the older adult.
* A truly holistic nursing approach to the care of older adults also includes the caregivers, who often experience poor health or have neglected their own health, find themselves challenged by their own psychosocial issues as they relate to the caregiving experience, feel the effects of multiple stressors, or feel spiritual distress.
True
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AROMA THERAPY
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Aromatherapy uses pure essential oils, produced from plants, to provide health benefits. The oils are formulated for inhalation or are applied topically. Sometimes the scent is dispersed into the air through the use of candles or oil dispersers.
A)true
B)false
A
80
Aromatic oils are often used during massage. Bathing provides a good modality for aromatherapy when oil is added to the water. Occasionally, essential oils will be taken orally in small amounts but only when prescribed by a qualified practitioner.
A)true
B)false
A
81
Many scents are put to use for their psychological effects. Different scents are thought to invoke different responses in the body as well
A)true
B)false
A
82
Aromatherapy works on similar principles. Specific scents are thought to relax or stimulate, improve digestion, increase hormone production, and improve circulation or memory.
A)true
B)false
A
83
Asthmatic patients will sometimes develop exagggerated symptoms from certain aromatic essence. Do not use essential oils on the skin of a patient with atopic eczema.
A)true
B)false
A
84
REFLEXOLOGY
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85
In reflexology it is thought that it is possible to exert an effect on the entire body by applying pressure to specific areas on the feet.
A)true
B)false
A
86
Reflexology is based on the premise that there are zones and reflexes in different parts of the foot that correspond one-to-one to each -part, gland, and organ of the body. The manipulation of specific reflexes removes stress, enabling the release of disharmonies by a physiologic change in the body.
A)true
B)false
A
87
Reflexology demonstrates the following four main benefits:
1. Relaxes the body and removes stress
2. Enhances the circulation
3. Assists the body to normalize metabolism naturally
4. Complements all other healing modalities
True
88
When the reflexes are stimulated, the body's natural electric energy works along the nervous system pathways and meridian lines to clear any blockages along those lines and in the corresponding zones
A) Reflexology
B)false
A
89
Treatments typically last up to 1 hour. Most people find treatments to be very relaxing.
A)true
B)false
A
90
WARNINGS, CONTRAINDICATIONS, AND PRECAUTIONS
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Use lighter pressure on the corresponding reflex areas when heart problems, blood problems, high blood pressure, epilepsy, or diabetes are present
A) Reflexology
B)false
A
92
In diabetic patients using artificial insulin,overstimulation of the corresponding reflexes will possibly cause the pancreas to start producing insulin again and thus lead to a higher level of insulin than expected.
A)true
B)false
A
93
MAGNET THERAPY
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Natural lodestones were found and are the earliest form of magnets known. Currently, a variety of companies produce magnets for use on various parts of the body. Magnets are sometimes used intermittently and sometimes worn all the time.
A)true
B)false
A
95
Magnets are used to increase circulation, increase energy, and decrease pain.
A)true
B)false
A
96
Although it is not known . exactly how magnets work, they are thought to increase circulation to the affected area and promote healing, as well as stimulate acupuncture points
A)true
B)false
A
97
Common physiologic responses resulting from magnetic field exposures include the following actions:
(1) vasodilation;
(2) analgesic action;
(3) antiinflammatory action;
(4) spasmolytic (arresting spasms) activity;
(5) acceleration of healing; and
(6) antiedema activity.
The magnet is placed over the affected area and held in place by jewelry, cloth wraps, or tape. Magnet insoles are available to place in shoes.
A)true
B)false
A
98
Contraindications of magnets include pregnancy and the presence of pacemakers, insulin delivery systems, cochlear implants, and defibrillators, and concurrent use of an electric blanket or heating pad.
A)true
B)false
A
99
Magnets are also not to be used with patients with myasthenia gravis because muscle weakness will possibly be aggravated because of the magnet's strong action on relaxing muscles.
A)true
B)false
A
100
Other conditions in which magnets are contraindicated include hyperthyroidism and adrenal gland, hyypothalamic, and pituitary dysfunction.
A)true
B)false
A
101
IMAGERY
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102
Imagery or visualization techniques use the conscious mind to create mental images to evoke physical changes in the body; create a sense of improved wellbeing, and enhance self-awareness
A)true
B)false
A
103
Here is a sample scenario of guided imagery with you as the guide: First direct the patient to begin slow abdominal breathing while focusing on tl1e rhythm of breathing. Then instruct the patient to visualize ocean waves coming to shore with each inspiration, and receding with each expiration. Next instruct the patient to take notice of the smells, the sounds, and the temperatures that he or she is experiencing. As the imagery session progresses, perhaps you will instruct the patient to visualize warmth entering the body during inspiration and tension leaving the body during expiration.
Work along these lines, but individualize imagery scenarios for each patient, or leave them to the patient to develop
True
104
Many imagery techniques involve visual imagery, but they also include the auditory, proprioceptive, gustatory, and olfactory senses at times
A)true
B)false
A
105
Imagery has been used to visualize the destruction of cancer cells by cells of the immune system, to control or relieve pain, and to achieve calmness and serenity.
A)true
B)false
A
106
It has also been used in the treatment of chronic conditions such as asthma, hypertension, functional minary disorders, menstrual and premenstrual syndromes, gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis, and rheumatoid arthritis
A)imagery
B)false
A
107
RELAXATION THERAPY
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Relaxation is the state of a generalized decrease in cognitive, physiologic, or behavioral arousal.
A)true
B)false
A
109
Relaxation is also defined as the act or process of arousal reduction. The process of relaxation elongates the muscle fibers and reduces the neural impulses sent to the brain, and thus decreases the activity of the brain and other body systems.
A)true
B)false
A
110
The relaxation response is characterized by decreased heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, and oxygen consumption and increased alpha brain activity and peripheral skin temperature.
A)true
B)false
A
111
Relaxation training involves developing cognitive skills that help people reduce the negative ways in which they respond to situations and their environment.
A)true
B)false
A
112
The cognitive skills include focusing (the ability to identify, differentiate, maintain attention on, and return attention to simple stimuli for an extended period), passivity (the ability to stop unnecessary goal directed and analytic activity), and receptivity (the ability to tolerate and accept experiences that are sometimes uncertain, unfamiliar, or paradoxic)
A)true
B)false
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focusing (the ability to identify, differentiate, maintain attention on, and return attention to simple stimuli for an extended period),
A)true
B)false
A
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passivity (the ability to stop unnecessary goal directed and analytic activity),
A)true
B)false
A
115
receptivity (the ability to tolerate and accept experiences that are sometimes uncertain, unfamiliar, or paradoxic
A)true
B)false
A
116
The long-term goal of relaxation therapy is for the person to continually monitor the self for indicators of tension and to consciously let go and release the tension contained in various body parts
A)true
B)false
A
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Relaxation Strategies
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1.RHYTHMIC BREATHING*
2. PROGRESSIVE RELAXATION
1. Follow steps 1, 2, and 3 of rhythmic breathing.
2. Once patient is breathing slowly and comfortably, instruct patient to tighten and relax an ordered succession of muscle groups, tensing them and then relaxing them, leaving each part feeling relaxed.
3. Instruct patient to begin by tensing and then relaxing the calves, then the knees, and so on
3. RELAXATION BY SENSORY PACING
1. Follow steps 1 and 2 of rhythmic breathing.
2. Instruct patient to slowly repeat and finish either in a low voice or to self each of the following sentences: a. "Now I am aware of seeing ... " b. "Now I am aware of feeling ... " c. "Now I am aware of hearing ... " "
3. Instruct patient to repeat and complete each sentence four times, then three times, then twice, and finally once.
4. Instruct patient to allow the eyes to close when they feel heavy
4. RELAXATION BY COLOR EXCHANGE
1. Follow steps 1, 2, and 3 of rhythmic breathing.
2. Instruct patient to notice any tension, tightness, aches, or pains in the body and to give that sensation the first color that comes to mind.
3. Instruct patient to breathe in pure white light from the universe and send the light to the tense or painful place in the body, letting the white light surround the color of the discomfort.
4. Instruct patient to exhale the color of the discomfort and let the white light take its place.
5. Instruct patient to continue breathing in the white light and exhaling the color of the discomfort, allowing the white light to fill the entire body and bring about a sense of peace, well-being, and energy
5. MODIFIED AUTOGENIC RELAXATION
1. Follow steps 1, 2, and 3 of rhythmic breathing.
2. Instruct patient to repeat each of the following phrases to self four times, saying the first part of the phrase while breathing in for 2 to 3 seconds, then holding the breath for 2 to 3 seconds, and then saying the last part of the phrase while breathing out for 2 to 3 seconds
6. RELAXING WITH MUSIC
1. Provide patient with a tape recorder and headset.
2. Ask patient to select a favorite cassette of slow, quiet music.
3. Instruct patient to get into a comfortable position (either sitting or lying down but with arms and legs uncrossed) and to close eyes and listen to the music through the headset.
4. Instruct patient to imagine floating or drifting with the music while listening
True
119
ANIMAL-ASSISTED THERAPY
,
120
As early as 1792, animals were used therapeutically in England at York Retreat, where psychiatric patients cared for rabbits and poultry. It was 1944 before animals were used in a therapeutic setting in the United States
A)true
B)false
A
121
In animal-assisted therapy (AAT), a trained handler and animal pair work one-on-one with a patient toward explicit short- and long-term goals.
A)true
B)false
A
122
Currently AAT is used as a complementary therapy for people in both acute and long-term care settings.
A)true
B)false
A
123
Dogs are most often used in AAT.
A)true
B)false
A
124
Cats are less predictable, and many people are allergic to cat dander. Regular or miniature horses may also be used. AAT has many applications inducting overcoming physical limitations, improving mood, lowering blood pressure, and improving socialization skills and self-esteem
A)true
B)false
A
125
YOGA
,
126
The word yoga means "yoke," or union of the personal self with the divine source. Yoga is a healing system of therapy and practice. It is a combination of breathing exercises, physical postures, and meditation that has been practiced for over 5000 years.
A)true
B)false
A
127
Yoga has emerged as a therapeutic treatment and is now being recoggnized by Western medical practice.
A)true
B)false
A
128
Typically, these changes include improved health and energy, reduced stress, feelings of well-being, and the healing of disease. What perhaps started as a search for increased flexibility and stress reduction slowly enlarges to a greater understanding of the self, emotional growth, and spiritual awakening.
A) Yoga
B)false
A
129
Hatha yoga is the most familiar type in the United States.
A)true
B)false
A
130
A regular practice of yoga offers the potential to tone the muscles that balance all parts of the body, including internal organs, heart, lungs, glands, and nerves.
It increases flexibility of the spine and therefore is good for treating chronic back problems.
It is beneficial for the nervous system, promoting deep relaxation and reduction of stress.
A)yoga
B)false
A
131
Everyone has the capacity to practice yoga-children, athletes, and other adults, indeed anyone who seeks a stronger, more supple body.
A)true
B)false
A
132
The origins of yoga go back to the Vedas, the oldest written record of Indian culture. Inscribed within the hymns and rituals of this 3000-year-old text is the earliest written reference to yogic activities.
A)true
B)false
A
133
T' AI CHI/TAIJI
,
134
T'ai chi- or Taiji, using the world-standard pinyin -romanization scheme for Chinese words- was originally developed as a martial art in seventeenth century China. Origins of the art are debated by proponents of various styles, but nearly all agree that the art was a fusion of existing martial arts practices with Daoist philosophical concepts, traditional Chinese medicine, and Ch'i Kung (qigong) theory and practice.
A)true
B)false
A
135
In Taiji practice, emmphasis is placed on relaxing the body and calming and focusing the mind.
A)true
B)false
A
136
Taiji form movement is performed slowly, accentuating the intention, mechanics, accuuracy, and precision of the motion. By practicing in accordance with Taiji principles of softness and slowness, the practitioner will paradoxically begin to experience a quality of hardness and strength and efficiency of movement that are significantly different from that of ordinary natural ability
A)true
B)false
A
137
The Taiji training system includes form movement, static and dynamic qigong exercises, and two-person -balance and reaction training called "push-hands." Form movement is typically performed slowly with relaxed body and calm and focused mind, and is thus referred to as a "moving meditation"
A)true
B)false
A
138
Static standing and sitting meditation exercises are practiced as fundamental qigong exercises. Lying down meditation is another qigong practice that is an effective relaxation and stretching exercise.
A)true
B)false
A
139
In its complete form, Taiji is a holistic art that emphasizes mind-body integration, physical and mental balance, and spiritual development.
A)true
B)false
A
140
Taiji practice was originally intended to improve the variables of fundamental skills including balance, strength, flexibility, coordination, agility, reaction time, sensitivity or awareness, and confidence. Although essential for self-defense, these variables are at the same time fundamentally health issues. Because the intensity (e.g., range of motion and height of stance) of any Taiji form sequence is easily varied to suit the practitioner's physical capabilities, people of all physical abilities are able to practice Taiji, and it is especially well suited as a low- to medium-intensity exercise for older adults
A)true
B)false
A
141
Health benefits documented in these studies include significant improvements in balance, leg strength, cardiorespiratory function, range of motion and treatment of arthritic symptoms, self-efficacy, sleep quality, prevention of osteoporosis, and immune function
A)true
B)false
A
142
BIOFEEDBACK
,
143
Biofeedback is a noninvasive method of determining a patient's neuromuscular and autonomic nervous system response by measuring body functions such as blood pressure, pulse, muscle tension, and skin temperature with the use of electronic or electromechanical equipment. These responses are conveyed to the patient through auditory, visual, physical, and/ or physiologic signals.
A)true
B)false
A
144
The goal of biofeedback is for patients to become aware of their responses, and in conjunction with relaxation techniques, to be able to control their response. The immediate feedback gives the patient the ability to implement relaxation techniques and determine which are effective.
A)true
B)false
A
145
In addition, the patient becomes more aware of physiologic functions and how thoughts and feelings influence physiologic responses. The end result is that the patient will be able to recognize physiologic responses and control these responses with relaxation techniques without the use of electronic equipment .
A) Biofeedback
B)false
A
146
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF BIOFEEDBACK
,
147
In addition to reducing the stress response, biofeedback has been found to be beneficial in the treatment of disorders such as migraine headaches, pain, and both urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract disorders. As with any behavioral modification program, the commitment of the patient to the program determines how successful the outcome will be.
A)true
B)false
A
148
LIMITATIONS OF BIOFEEDBACK
,
149
Though biofeedback is considered noninvasive, precautions with the therapy are necessary in connection with repressed emotions or feelings that may surface during the relaxation and/ or biofeedback sessions. It is important for the practitioner to be aware of these precautions so that proper psychological support is available at the time of the sessions or proper referral is made
A)true
B)false
A
150
INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE AND THE NURSING ROLE
,
151
Many allopathic health care providers do not refer their patients for CAM because they are not familiar with the therapies and have had little, if any, education and training in complementary and alternative medicine.
A)true
B)false
A
152
Many physicians have reservations about CAM because its modalities have not been appropriately tested in clinical trials with strict controls for the other factors that have the capacity to influence the outcomes.
A)true
B)false
A
153
Many nurses already practice forms of CAM by offering relaxation, imagery, and massage to their patients. You will need a good knowledge of CAM therapies to make appropriate recommendations to allopathic primary care providers about potentially useful therapies. Be prepared to provide advice to patients regarding when to seek conventional therapy and when CAM therapy is appropriate
A)true
B)false
A
154
For example, if a patient complains of right lower abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, you will suspect appendicitis and recommend assessment by an allopathic physician. However, if the patient has a . clonic gastrointestinal disorder and has been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome, it is possible that the patient will benefit from relaxation and herbal therapy. Be aware of your state nurse practice act with regard to complementary therapies and practice accordingly within the scope of these laws.
A)true
B)false
A
155
Nurses work closely with their patients and are in the unique position of becoming familiar with the patient's religious and cultural viewpoints and existential issues. You are in a good position to determine which CAM therapies are most appropriately aligned with these beliefs and offer recommendations accordingly.
A)true
B)false
A
156
Patients tend to be more receptive to holistic interventions and will often seek your guidance in exploring various options when making choices concerning their health care
A)true
B)false
A
157
Life Span Considerations
Older Adults
Complementary and Alternative Therapy
,
158
* Use essential oils with caution in older adults. These patients are usually more sensitive to essential oils and thus require smaller amounts and less concentrated forms of the essence.
* Advise older adult patients to take herbal treatments only under professional supervision.
* Older adults, even the very old, typically achieve positive results from regular exercise and weight lifting, including increased physical strength and fiexibility and improved mental status in areas such as memory and depression. However, it is necessary to adapt the exercise regimen to each patient's physical condition.
* When using massage therapy, a lighter pressure will be necessary; possibly, other modifications for body status of an older adult patient will be also needed.
* Magnet therapy will interfere with pacemaker functions.
True
159
Cultural Considerations
Providing Culturally Appropriate
Complementary and Alternative Therapy
,
160
* Avoid using the term "alternative therapy"; it is quite possible that patients will not consider what they are doing to be alternative at all. For some Chinese Americans, for instance, treatments such as acupuncture and use of herbal preparations are grounded in their culture and passed down from generation to generation. If anything, they are likely to consider what you are offering in the way of Western medicine to be alternative.
* Regardless of your faith in another type of care, you need to be sensitive to cultural differences (ethnic, racial, gender, etc.) and question the patient appropriately and then support the patient's choices as needed.
* Members of some cultures will often have more faith in an alternative practitioner than a traditional doctor. Respect the patient's beliefs and explore ways to combine therapies when there are no contraindications.
* Demonstrate your respect for the cultural differences by honoring the patient's culturally based health beliefs.
True
161
Key Points
,
162
* Complementary and alternative therapies are used to restore or maintain health.
* Patients tend to think of CAM therapies as gentler and less invasive than traditional medical treatments.
* Patients are often hesitant to tell a health care provider about CAM therapies they are using.
* Herbs used for treatment are formulated in many ways for consumption and use: as dried herbs in capsules or tablets, tinctures, teas, compresses, salves, or ointments.
* Some herbs sometimes interfere with medications. A thorough health history is important.
* Chiropractic treatment achieves its effects through manipulation of the musculoskeletal system. Gentle manipulation puts the vertebrae in proper alignment.
* Acupuncture and acupressure are done by applying needles or pressure to specific points on the body. The points correspond to meridians that flow through the body.
* In its complete form, t'ai chi (Taiji) is a holistic art that emphasizes mind-body integration, physical and mental balance, and spiritual development.
* Therapeutic massage is used to promote healing and prevent injury. Contraindications include a history of phlebitis or thrombosis of the extremities.
True
163
* Aromatherapy uses essential oils to provide health benefits. Inhalation is the most common method of using the oils.
* Pressure to the feet in the form of massage is done in reflexology.
* Reflexology is a focused pressure technique; it is based on the premise that zones or reflex areas exist in the feet that correspond to all organs, glands, and systems of the body.
* Magnet therapy is thought to improve circulation to a specific area, promote healing, increase energy, and decrease pain.
* Regular practice of yoga potentially tones the muscles that balance all parts of the body, including internal organs, heart, lungs, glands, and nerves, and control the emotions and mind.
* Although some CAM therapies have been researched and published in professional journals, others lack scientific proof. However, those that lack scientific proof need not be discarded since many patients report positive outcomes from these therapies.
True
164
NCLEX PREP
,
165
1. In selecting alternative therapies, acupressure may be most effective with which patient?
1. Restless, anxious patient
2. Patient with ulcerative colitis
3. Pregnant woman
4. Psychiatric patient
1
166
2. The nurse's presentation on alternative therapies for a community group states that herbal therapies are:
1. approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
2. sold as medicines in most stores because they lack
major side effects.
3. allowed to be packaged as dietary supplements if
they are without health claims.
4. consistent in their standards for concentrations of
major ingredients and additives.
3
167
3. A patient asks about different herbal therapies that may promote physical endurance and reduce stress. On which would the nurse provide information?
1. Ginseng
2. Ginger
3. Echinacea
4. Chamomile
1
168
4. When assessing a patient's use of alternative therapies, the nurse asks:
1. "What herbal supplements have you taken?"
2. "Have you ever used relaxation therapy?"
3. "What types of activities or remedies do you use when you do not feel well?"
4. "Do you use holistic treatments?"
3
169
5. Which statement is correct regarding complementary and alternative medicine?
1. One third to one half of the U.S. population uses one or more forms of alternative therapy.
2. Decreasing amounts of insurance coverage are available to meet the needs of alternative therapies.
3. Discussion of alternative therapies is still not provided in traditional medical journals.
4. Integration of alternative therapies Is regulated by state and national agencies.
1
170
6. A benefit that the patient can gain from relaxation therapy is a decrease in:
1. receptivity.
2. peripheral skin temperature.
3. oxygen consumption.
4. alpha brain activity.
3
171
Which factor makes accurate administration of precise dosages of herbs difficult?
1. Multiple clinical trials are under way
2. Availability in many different forms
3. Infrequent usage by consumers
4. Excessive standardization by international
organizations
2
172
8. Which instruction should be included when teaching a patient about safe herbal product usage?
1. "Combine several herbs to maximize the benefits."
2. "Believe all claims made by the manufacturer."
3. "Continue using herbs if side effects develop because they will diminish."
4. "Inform your primary care provider of all herbal products you use."
4
173
9. A method of stimulating certain points on the body by the insertion of special needles to modify the perception of pain, normalize physiologic functions, or treat or prevent disease is known as:
1. acupressure.
2. magnet therapy.
3. acupuncture.
4. chiropractic therapy.
3
174
10. Patient teaching about herbal therapies should address which statement?
1. Inform the primary care provider of any drugs being used, including herbal remedies.
2. Active ingredients per dose are always the same among different brands of the same herb.
3. There are numerous clinical trials on the benefits and side effects of herbs, enabling clinicians to be well informed in recommending an herb or cautioning against it.
4. Taking herbs does not require cautious use and results in few side effects.
1
175
11. Which is a contraindication for the use of reflexology?
1. Taking chemotherapy for cancer
2. General "tune-up"
3. Pregnancy, presurgical status, and postsurgical status
4. Presence of heart problems, blood pressure problems, epilepsy, or diabetes
4
176
12. Many complementary therapies, such as acupuncture, use diagnostic and therapeutic methods specific to their field, whereas others, such as ____ _ are more easily learned and applied.
1. massage therapy
2. Chinese medicine
3. shamanism
4. breathwork and imagery
4
177
13. What does holistic nursing address and treat?
1. Mind, body, and spirit of the patient.
2. Disease, spirit, and family.
3. Desires and emotion of the patient.
4. Muscles, nerves, and spinal disorders.
1
178
One of the principles of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies is that the individual becomes:
1. actively Involved in the treatment.
2. a total believer in what is being taught.
3. submissive to the practitioner.
4. less competent in his or her own care.
1
179
15. The herb comfrey is sometimes used by patients for its wound healing properties. It is important that the nurse inform the patient that this herb:
1. should be taken internally.
2. may cause cancer.
3. can only be used externally.
4. is a known antiseptic.
4
180
16. Patients with certain medical diagnoses should avoid chiropractic treatment. These diagnoses include:
1. joint subluxation
2. vertigo
3. osteoporosis
4. hypertension
3
181
17. Imagery is used to:
1. gain relief for skin diseases.
2. control and relieve pain.
3. treat cardiac dysrhythmias.
4. gain relief from alcohol addiction.
2
182
18. A patient tells the nurse that he takes the herb St. John's wort for mild depression. It is important that the nurse inform the patient that he should avoid consuming:
1. foods high in salt or sodium.
2. milk products.
3. anything containing barley, such as beer.
4. aged cheese and red wine.
4
183
STUDY GUIDE
,
184
a. Imagery–visualization techniques used to have the conscious mind create mental images that bring about physical changes
A)true
B)false
A
185
b. Meridians–channels of energy
A)true
B)false
A
186
c. Qi–form of energy that flows through the body
A)true
B)false
A
187
For herbal therapy, the whole plant is used, manufacturers are not held to the strict standards of pharmaceuticals, herbal therapy is not approved by the government, and the goal is to restore balance.
A)true
B)false
A
188
Pharmaceuticals are strictly reviewed for consistency in ingredients and effect.
A)true
B)false
A
189
One of the positive aspects of herbal therapies is their efficacy in treatment of medical problems. A negative aspect of herbal therapy is that the herbs may be toxic if used incorrectly or in combination with some pharmaceutical agents
A)true
B)false
A
190
The general benefits of therapy include a holistic approach to healing, decreased costs, better results (if the patient feels better using them)
A)true
B)false
A
191
Some of the most commonly used herbs are ginseng, ginkgo, aloe vera, and Echinacea.
A)true
B)false
A
192
Some commonly used essential oils include lemon, lavender, and peppermint. Oils can be used for body massage or environmental aromatherapy
A)true
B)false
A
193
11. Magnet therapy is believed to improve cir- culation to the target areas, promote healing, decrease pain sensation, and increase energy.
A)true
B)false
A
194
12. Imagery is believed to improve the immune response, control adverse symptoms, promote relaxation, and improve self-perception.
A)true
B)false
A
195
13. The positive effects of yoga include control of body posture, improved health and energy, increased muscle tone and flexibility, relax- ation, and feelings of well-being.
A)true
B)false
A
196
14. Positive outcomes of animal assisted therapy include improved mood, self-esteem, and socialization skills and lowered blood pressure.
A)true
B)false
A
197
The older adult can benefit from t’ai chi in that it increases balance, strength, flexibility, coordination, reaction time, sensitivity, and confidence. Health benefits identified have included improvement in cardiopulmonary function, reduction in arthritic symptoms, and improved sleep quality.
A)true
B)false
A
198
The health history provides information on complementary and alternative treatments that the patient may be using that could interact with traditional medical treatment.
A)true
B)false
A
199
When teaching patients about CAM (comple- mentary and alternative medicine), the nurse may include information on the safe use of therapies, positive and negative effects, contraindications to use, reputable sources for purchase, interactions with traditional therapy, and when to seek medical treatment.
A)true
B)false
A
200
The environment for a therapeutic massage should be private, warm, and relaxing, with no interruptions or distractions.
A)true
B)false
A
201
Contraindications for massage include phlebitis, thrombosis, and infectious skin diseases.
A)true
B)false
A
202
Reflexology is contraindicated for patients with cardiovascular or hematologic problems (hypertension), epilepsy, diabetes, and skin infections.
A)true
B)false
A
203
The use of magnets should be avoided for patients who are pregnant or diabetic, or who have myasthenia gravis, adrenal gland problems, implanted pacemakers or defibrillators, insulin delivery systems, or cochlear implant
A)true
B)false
A
204
Techniques involved in relaxation therapy include controlled breathing and muscle relaxation
A)true
B)false
A
205
The role of the nurse in the use of complementary and alternative therapies is to provide a holistic approach to the patient, be aware of what therapies the patient is using and what the therapy provides, and integrate these treatments whenever appropriate.
A)true
B)false
A
206
It is estimated that ________%. Of the population in the United States uses one or more forms of complementary and alternative therapies
A)30-50
B)10-29
A
207
The nurse is preparing to demonstrate relaxation techniques to the patient. What types of behaviors will the nurse be teaching
A)Techniques involved in relaxation therapy include controlled breathing and muscle relaxation
B)false
A
208
The patient has a history of congestive heart failure and receives a prescription for digoxin. The nurse cautions The patient against the use of which of the following herbs
A)goldenseal (hydrastis canadensis)
B)kava
A
209
A pregnant patient and maternal /Child clinic ask the nurse if there are herbs that are safe to take doing the pregnancy. The nurse responds accurately by telling the patient that the following herb has shown no definite problems for pregnant women
A)echinacea (echinacea pallida)
B)chamomile
A
210
Patient ask why her physician prefers to prescribe medication for her hypertension rather than treating her with only herbal preparations. The most likely reason the physician has made this decision is
A) Herbal preparations are not subject to the same testing and manufacturing regulation as pharmaceuticals
B) Doctors receive a bonus for the number of prescriptions written
A
211
Key terms
,
212
Biofeedback-Is a noninvasive method of determining a patient's neuromuscular And autonomic nervous system responds by measuring body functions such as blood pressure,pulse, muscle tension and skin temperature with the use of Electronic or electromechanical Equipment
A)true
B)false
A
213
EXTRA INFORMATION
,
214
What are the four main benefits of reflexology
A) Remove stress,enhances circulation, normalizes metabolism, and complements other healing modalities
B)false
A
215
What is the benefit of imagery
A) To invoke physical changes in the body
B) To relax the mind
A
216
What is animal therapy
A) Animals are utilized to assist patient in reaching their goals
B)false
A
217
A nurse has been assigned a 30-year-old patient who is beginning magnet therapy. The nurse will reinforce the following teaching:
A)Secure the magnet in place with glue.
B) Avoid using an electric blanket or heating pad.
B
218
Magnets conduct heat and can cause burns.
A)true
B)false
A
219
Your patient states she has a friend who praises chiropractic therapy. Your patient would like to try this therapy herself, but it would be contraindicated if she has a diagnosis of:
A)Hypertension
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Migraine headaches
D) Rheumatoid arthritis
D
220
Rheumatoid arthritis is contraindicated because joint conditions and diseases should not be treated with manipulation.
A)true
B)false
A
221
The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) was established in 1992 with which of the following goals?
A)Facilitate the evaluation of alternative medical treatment
B) act as a clearing house to distribute information to the public media and professional
C)Supporting, coordinating, conducting research and research training
D).To provide specific information as to what and when complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) may be used
A B C
222
CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine) can be used in conjunction with traditional medicine, or a patient may choose to make CAM the main source of health care. What assessment data are important to obtain when taking a patient's health history?
A) Illness, CAM requested, gender, culture
B)Race, culture, allergies, age, illness
B
223
A 50-year-old patient regularly practices yoga. The benefits of yoga include (select all that apply):
A).Improved muscle tone
B).Increased flexibility of the spine
C).Reduction of stress
A B C
224
A diabetic female patient asks the nurse if she knows anything about reflexology. The nurse's most appropriate response is:
A)"Reflexology is contraindicated with those who have diabetes."
B) "Have the reflexologist decrease pressure on corresponding reflex areas."
B
225
A patient is considering herbal therapy for treatment. The nurse needs to do a thorough health history because:
.
A)Herbs do not require FDA approval because they are considered dietary supplements.
B)Some herbs interfere with prescription medications.
B
226
Herbs may interfere with current medications being taken by the patient.
A)true
B)false
A
227
Which of the following statements is correct in regard to CAM therapies?
A) Popular use of alternative therapies is a growing trend
B) false
A
228
Many allopathic physicians do not refer their patients for CAM therapies because they:
A)Are not familiar with the theories and have had little, if any, education and training in CAM.
B)Believe that CAM interferes with traditional medicines.
A
229
Allopathic physicians lack knowledge and training in CAM; thus, they do not understand how these therapies work and the benefits they have.
A)true
B)false
A
230
Alternative therapies-Become the primary treatment modality that replaces traditional or conventional medicine
A)true
B)false
A
231
Herbal therapy-Herbal preparations usually use the whole plant
A)true
B)false
A
232
Pharmaceuticals- Drugs or drug-based products
A)true
B)false
A
233
The goal of herbal therapy is to restore balance within the individual by facilitating the person self healing ability
A)true
B)false
A
234
Herbs can be applied typically by making a salve or ointment to be applied to the skin
A)true
B)false
A
235
Acupuncture-This is the primary treatment modality used by physicians of Chinese medicine
A)true
B)false
A
236
Acupressure- It is used primarily for the prevention and relieve the of symptoms of muscle tension
A)true
B)false
A
237
Aromatherapy-pure essential oils, produce from plants, are used to provide health benefits; Also, relaxation, stimulation, improve digestion, increase hormone production, and improve circulation or memory
A)true
B)false
A
238
Reflexology-The manipulation of specific reflexes remove stress, placing the body in a parasympathetic healing state and enabling the disharmonies to be released by physiological change in the body
A)true
B)false
A
239
Reflexology warning, contraindications, precautions
-Pressure on the corresponding reflex areas should be decreased for patients with heart problems, blood problems, high blood pressure, epilepsy, and diabetes
True
240
Magnet therapy-They are thought to increase circulation to the affected area and to promote healing, as well as stimulate acupuncture points
A)true
B)false
A
241
Common physiologic responses to magnet therapy-vasodilation, analgesic action, anti-inflammatory action, spasmolytic activity, healing acceleration, and anti edema activity
A)true
B)false
A
242
Contraindications for magnet.-Pregnancy, pacemakers, insulin delivery system, cochlear implants, and defibrillators
A)true
B)false
A
243
Imagery-Uses the conscious mind to create mental image to invoke physical changes in the body, improve perceived well-being, and enhance awareness. Also can be self-directed or guided
A)true
B)false
A
244
Relaxation therapy-Relaxation is the state of generalize decreased cognitive, physiological, or behavioral arousal. The process of relaxation elongates the muscles fibers, reduces the neural impulses sent to the brain, and thus decreases the activity of the brain and other body systems.
Also it decreases heart and respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen consumption
A)true
B)false
A
245
The long-term goal of relaxation therapy is for the person to monitor himself or herself for indication of tension and then consciously let go and release the tension
A)true
B)false
A
246
Basic principles of yoga-Control of the body to correct posture and breathing, control of the emotions and mind, and meditation and comptemplation
A)true
B)false
A
247
Yoga-regular practice Can tone the muscle that balance all parts of the body, including internal organs, heart, lungs, glands and nerves. Flexibility of the spine is increased, and deep relaxation and reduction says are promoted.
A)true
B)false
A
248
T'aI chi/taiji-Fusions of martial arts and daoist philosophical concept. Suited for people of various physical capabilities. Benefits include improvement in balance, leg strength,cardiorespiratory function, range of motion, arthritis
A)true
B)false
A
249
Biofeedback-Non-invasive. Determines the patient neuromuscular and autonomic nervous system response. Measures specific body functions. Goal is for patients to become aware of their responses and, in conjunction with relaxation techniques to be able to control the responses.
A)true
B)false
A
