TERM 3

Question 1

RIBS

Answer 1

bone structure that protects internal organs such as the lungs

Question 2

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE

Answer 2

muscles between the ribs to control it during inhalation and exhalation

Question 3

DIAPHRAGM

Answer 3

sheet of muscle at the bottom of the thorax that helps with inhalation and exhalation

Question 4

TRACHEA

Answer 4

windpipe that connects the mouth and nose to the lungs

Question 5

BRONCHI

Answer 5

thick tubes that divides into two bronchi, with one bronchus for each lung

Question 6

BRONCHIOLES

Answer 6

bronchi will split to form smaller tubes called bronchioles, that are in the lungs, connected to alveoli

Question 7

ALVEOLI

Answer 7

tiny air sacs where gas exchange takes place

Question 8

PLEURAL MEMBRANE

Answer 8

sticks the outside of the lungs to inside of the chest cavity so lungs follow chest movement, lubricates the lungs to reduce friction

Question 9

ORGANS DURING INHALATION

Answer 9

• intercostal muscles will contract, pulling ribcage up and out
• diaphragm will contract, pulling downwards
• volume increases, pressure decreases
• air is drawn in

Question 10

ORGANS DURING EXHALATION

Answer 10

• intercostal muscles will relax, pushing ribcage down and in
• diaphragm will relax, pushing upwards
• volume decreases, pressure increases
• air is pushed out

Question 11

ALVEOLI

Answer 11

tiny air sacs where gas exchange takes place

Question 12

( ALVEOLI ) FOLDED

Answer 12

increases the surface area to volume ratio for the diffusion of gases ( efficient rate of gas exchange )

Question 13

( ALVEOLI ) THIN CELL WALLS

Answer 13

one cell thick so the distance of diffusion is short, increasing the rate of diffusion of gases

Question 14

( ALVEOLI ) STRONG CONCENTRATION GRADIEN

Answer 14

each alveolus is surrounded by blood capillaries which maintains a strong concentration gradient and blood supply, allowing oxygen to diffuse out and carbon dioxide to diffuse in

Question 15

( ALVEOLI ) EACH ALVEOLUS IS VENTILATED

Answer 15

access to the lungs helps remove waste carbon dioxide and replenishing oxygen levels in the alveolar air, also allows the maximum concentration gradient between the blood and the air in the alveoli

Question 16

AEROBIC RESPIRATION EQUATION

Answer 16

glucose + oxygen ——> carbon dioxide + water

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——> 6CO2 + 2H2O ( balanced )

Question 17

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION EQUATION

Answer 17

( humans ) glucose ——> lactic acid

( yeast and plants ) glucose ——> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 18

AEROBIC RESPEIATION

Answer 18

• the breakdown of glucose to release energy in cells in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon downside and water ( and energy )
• takes place in the mitochondria of the cell ( found in cytoplasm )

Question 19

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Answer 19

• the breakdown of glucose to release energy in cells in the absence of oxygen to reduce lactas acid in humans, carbon dioxide and ethanol in yeast and plants (and small amounts of energy ).
• commonly takes place during exercise , hence why muscle cramps occur as this is causes by the build up of waste product called lactic acid in humans