BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES AND NUTRITION

Question 1

PROTEINS CONSIST OF…

Answer 1

• carbon
• hydrogen
• oxygen
• sulfur
• phosphorus
• nitrogen

Question 2

CARBOHYDRATES AND LIPIDS CONSIST ONLY OF…

Answer 2

• carbon
• hydrogen
• oxygen

Question 3

CARBOHYDRATES ARE MADE OF…

Answer 3

(starch and glycogen) simple sugars ( monosaccharides), such as glucose ( a basic carbohydrate ) join together to make complex polysaccharides and disaccharides

Question 4

PROTEINS ARE MADE UP OF…

Answer 4

amino acids

Question 5

LIPIDS ARE MADE UP OF…

Answer 5

three fatty acids and glycerol

Question 6

ENZYMES ARE…

Answer 6

biological catalysts made of amino acids and they are proteins

Question 7

ENZYMES ARE NEEDED BECAUSE…

Answer 7

• they control the chemical reactions that take place in a cell.
• they are necessary because the temperatures inside organisms are low and without catalysts, most of the reactions that happen in cells would be far too slow to allow life to go on

Question 8

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Answer 8

• photosynthesis is the process in which energy from the sunlight is used to crate glucose
• light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll in plants leaves
• it is then used to convert carbon dioxide ( from the air ) and water into glucose; which is used for respiration
• oxygen is a by - product of this process

Question 9

PHOTOSYNTHESIS WORD EQUATION

Answer 9

carbon dioxide + water ————> glucose + oxygen

light energy

Question 10

PHOTOSYNTHESIS BALANCED CHEMICAL SYMBOL EQUATION

Answer 10

6CO2 + 6H2O ————> C6H12O6 + 6O2

light energy

Question 11

WHICH FACTORS AFFECT THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Answer 11

• carbon dioxide
• light intensity
• temperature

Question 12

MINERAL ION

Answer 12

• magnesium: magnesium is needed to build chlorophyll ( DEFICIENCY: causes leaves to turn yellow )
• nitrate: nitrates are need to produce amino acids to build protein and DNA ( DEFICIENCY: causes leaves to turn yellow and stunted growth )

Question 13

IMPORTANCE OF A BALANCED DIET

Answer 13

• humans need to eat a balanced diet to maintain a good health
• each component of the diet is important for different reasons, it is important to consume equal amounts of all

Question 14

BALANCED DIETS CONSIST OF:

Answer 14

1. CARBOHYDRATE: lipids, water
2. PROTEIN: dietary fibre
3. VITAMINS: minerals

Question 15

CARBOHYDRATE

Answer 15

( MEAT, STARCH )

- direct energy

Question 16

PROTEIN

Answer 16

( MEAT )

• growth and repair
• —–> poor growth

Question 17

VITAMIN A

Answer 17

( CARROTS )

• healthy eyesight
• —–> night blindness

Question 18

VITAMIN C

Answer 18

( LEMON )

• heal wounds and rebuild tissue
• —–> scurvy - bleeding gums

Question 19

VITAMIN D

Answer 19

( MARGARINE )

• strengthen teeth and bones
• —–> rickets - curvature of bones

Question 20

LIPID

Answer 20

( MEAT )

- insulation and energy storage

Question 21

DIETARY FIBRE

Answer 21

( VEGETABLES )

• lower cholesterol
• —–> constipation

Question 22

CALCIUM

Answer 22

( MILK )

• strengthen teeth and bones
• —–> rickets - curvature of bones