Term 3

Question 1

Define:
Fulcrum
Effort
Load

Answer 1

Fulcrum - the point at which a lever rotates
Effort - The force applied to the lever
Load - Force apples by the lever to move

Question 2

Describe, draw and give an example of a first class lever

Answer 2

Fulcrum located in the centre between the load and force on either end. Example from human body is the head. (Seasaw)

Question 3

Describe, draw and give an example of a second class lever

Answer 3

Fulcrum located at the end, load in the centre and force at the opposite end. AN example from human body is calf raises or standing on toes such as sprinting (wheelbarrow)

Question 4

Describe, draw and give an example of a third class lever

Answer 4

Fulcrum located at the end, force in the middle and load at the end. An example in the body includes, elbow and knee such as sprinting (hammer a nail)

Question 5

Acceleration formula

Answer 5

Change in velocity (v2-v1)
——————————
Change in time

Question 6

Speed formula

Answer 6

Distance
————
Time

Question 7

Velocity formula

Answer 7

Displacement
————
Time

Question 8

Define:
Kinetics -
Kinematics -

Answer 8

Kinetics - Looks at what causes a body to move in the way it does (doesn’t always refer to human body)
Kinematics - the motion of the human body and objects used by sportspeople that are thrown, kicked or transported

Question 9

Define:
Displacement -
Distance -

Answer 9

Displacement - how far a body or object has moved in relation to its starting position (in straight line M/s)
Distance - how far a body or object has actually moved / travelled

Question 10

Define:
Speed -
Velocity -
Acceleration -

Answer 10

Speed - measured in m/s (distance)
Velocity - a measure of the displacement that a body or object has experienced (displacement)
Acceleration - the change in velocity

Question 11

Dorsiflexion vs plantar flexion

Answer 11

Dorsiflexion is the closing of a joint and plantar flexion is the opening of a joint

Question 12

Rotation vs circumduction

Answer 12

Rotation is medial or lateral and circumduction is a circular movement

Question 13

Abduction vs adduction

Answer 13

Abduction is taking away from midline and adduction is adding to the midline

Question 14

Give a 2 joints and sport example of the following movement:
Flexion -
Extension -

Answer 14

Flexion - knee when leg bends during running and shoulder when doing an under arm bowl
Extension - elbow when throwing a shot put and knee when leg straightens during running

Question 15

Give a 2 joints and sport example of the following movement:
Plantar flexion -
Dorsiflexion -

Answer 15

Plantar flexion - ankle standing on toes in ballet and toes when running
Dorsiflexion - ankle when hiking up a hill and flexing feet

Question 16

Give a 2 joints and sport example of the following movement:
Rotation -
Circumduction -

Answer 16

Rotation - hip in a golf swing

Circumduction - shoulder when bowling a cricket ball

Question 17

Give a 2 joints and sport example of the following movement:
Abduction -
Adduction -

Answer 17

Abduction - shoulder when arms raise in jumping jacks

Adduction - shoulder when returning arms to side in jumping jacks

Question 18

What are the 6 factors that affect projectile motion. Briefly describe them.

Answer 18

Speed of release- How fast the object is released (thrown or hit). The greater the speed of release, the greater the distance gained
Angle of release - The angle that the object is thrown at or hit into the air. If angle too high poor distance is gained. If angle too low poor flight time and possible distance
Height of release - How high above the ground an object is released at. The greater the height the greater the distance because time in air will be greater
Spin - Helps projectile maintain its course and cause a change in height or direction. Happens as a ball moves through the air in the direction of least air pressure
Gravity - Decreases height a projectile can attain
Air resistance - Larger surface area more air resistance. Type of surface area. Speed increases so does air resistance. Smaller the mass the more air resistance will affect it

Question 19

4 types of spin. Describe

Answer 19

1. Top spin - where u hit over a ball, creates a downward force on ball causing it to drop
2. Back spin - where you hit under or slice the ball, creates an upward force causing ball to rise
3. Clockwise spin - where you hit the ball on the left side of COG, causes ball to spin right
4. Anticlockwise - hit ball on right side of COG, causes ball to swing left