Term 2 Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
What were the effects of the bombs
A
- victims who were directly under the bomb were vaporised or turned to dust
- there was a very strong bomb blast
- people who were 3 km from the centre had their clothes catch on fire. The whole city was also in flames
- roof tiles that were half a km away melted
- the wind speed on the ground directly under the explosion was 1600km/ hour. The force of the wind flattened most of the buildings
- the explosion released rays of nuclear radiation. Radiation poisoning killed many people and continued to for years after the explosion.
2
Q
Where were the atomic bombs dropped
A
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3
Q
What were the names of the bombs
A
Little boy was dropped on the city of Hiroshima
Fat man was dropped on the city of Nagasaki
4
Q
Which country dropped the bombs
A
The United States of America ( USA )
5
Q
What were the names of the three conferences in which Germany was divided
Hint : TYP
A
Teheran
Yalta
Potsdam
6
Q
Yalta
A
The conference where it was decided how Germany was going to be divided. It took place before the end of the war. It was divided into 4 zones
7
Q
Who were involved in Yalta conference
A
America, France, Britain and the USSR
8
Q
Who were in the Allies
A
America, Britain and the USSR
9
Q
Who were in the Axis
A
Japan, Germany and Italy
10
Q
How was Germany divided
A
France - got the bottom left of wets Germany
Britain - got the top of wet Germany
America - got the bottom right of west Germany
USSR - got east Germany. Was communist
11
Q
Who represented Britain, America and the USSR at the Yalta conference
A
Britain - Winston Churchill
America - Franklin Roosevelt
USSR - Josef Stalin
12
Q
The Potsdam conference
A
Was held after the war. The conference in which it was decided how the punishment on Nazi Germany was going to be administered.
13
Q
Who were the representatives in the Potsdam conference
A
Britain - Clement Atlee
America - Harry Truman
USSR - Josef Stalin
14
Q
Why was there tension during the Potsdam conference
A
- the USSR had the largest part of Germany. Russian troops refused to withdraw from the countries in Eastern Europe. Stalin said it was a defensive measure against attacks from the west
- Britain had a new prime minister - Clement Atlee. Winston Churchill was voted out of office just before the conference. Atlee distrusted Stalin
- America had a new president - Harry Truman. Franklin Roosevelt died and vice president Harry Truman stepped in. Roosevelt had trusted Stalin not to take over Eastern Europe but after the war was over the allies collapsed. Harry Truman distrusted Stalin
- the USA had tested an atomic bomb and not told the USSR about it. Harry Truman and Winston Churchill had agreed to use the bomb on Japan.
- Stalin knew about the bomb. He had sent KGB spies, who were undercover as part of the Manhattan project. The USA and Britain found out that Stalin and spied on them.
15
Q
What were the 4 zones called
A
4 zones of occupation
16
Q
Albert Einstein
A
His ideas were used in the making of the atomic bomb. Albert Einstein lived in Germany, but when hitter came to power Einstein fled to America because he was a Jew. Einstein encouraged the government to develop an atomic bomb to use against Germany.
17
Q
Was the bomb used on Germany
A
No it was used on Japan
18
Q
What was the Manhattan project
A
A top-secret research project in which the atomic bomb was researched and produced.
19
Q
Who worked on the Manhattan project
A
Americas best scientists
20
Q
What was the code name for the atomic bomb that was created during the Manhattan project
A
The gadget
21
Q
Where was ‘ the gadget ‘ tested
A
In a desert outside of Los Alamos in the state of New Mexico
22
Q
What happened to the sand underneath the blast
A
It turned the sand to glass because of the heat of the explosion.
23
Q
Who was the leader of the Manhattan project
A
Robert Oppenheimer
24
Q
Why did America drop the bombs on Japan
A
To get Japan to surrender
25
What are the communistic ideologies.
• don't like the idea of rich people controlling the country
• believe that the government should rule in the interests of everyone equally, not only the rich
• wealth should be shared equally between everyone
• a communist economy is centrally planned to make sure that there is economic equality
• no one can own a private property or make a prophet
• the state owns all large industries and other sources of wealth
• communist governments aren't usually democratic
An example of a communistic state is the USSR
26
Who was the King before the Russian revolution
Tsar Nicholas II
27
What happened when the King was over thrown
The communist government took control of the government. Russia was renamed the USSR
28
What doe USSR stand for
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Also known as the Soviet Union
29
What is the flag of the USSR sometimes called
The red flag
30
Who was the leader of the communist political party and what was the party called
Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the Bolsheviks
31
What did Lenin offer the poverty stricken Russians
He offered peace, land and bread
32
Which war did Russia withdraw from
World War I
33
What was the cause of someone taking Lenin's place and who was it.
Stalin took over when Lenin died
34
What did Stalin do
Stalin became a ruthless dictator. He used violence to create a strong military. He led the USSR into WWII and was still alive by the end.
35
How is communism different from a Nazism and fascism
Communistic ideology is sophisticated. The ideas of communism were developed by great thinkers - Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky
36
What is communism
Communism is a revolutionary moment that promotes the violent overthrow of capitalism.
American and Western Europe thought that communism was a great threat to them so whenever they could they would stamp it out.
37
What are the capitalistic ideologies
• the possibility of earning a profit motivates people to work harder
• individuals own private property
• the government does not control the economy
• the rights of people who own private property and gather great wealth are protected, while others remain poor
• capitalist government can be democratic but can become fascist
An example of a capitalistic state is America
38
How many states does the USA have and what is its Capitol city
50 states. Its Capitol city is Washington D.C.
39
Who were the USA allied with
They are referred to as 'the west '. This includes then democratic and capitalist countries in Western Europe, including Britain.
40
What is the American flag called
'Starts and stripes ' or ' the star spangled banner '
41
When did the USA become powerful
During WWI
42
What is capitalism
Capitalism is the is the idea that there is nothing wrong with some people being rich and some people being poor.
43
Who led America at the end, and after the war
Harry Truman
44
What did Harry Truman want
He didn't want the USSR to expand control over Europe and other parts of the world. He wanted the USA to resist communism and he wanted to limit the USSR's expansion.
45
When was Hiroshima bombed
On the 6 August
46
When was Nagasaki bombed
On the 9 August
47
Why were Nagasaki and Hiroshima chosen as targets.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki produced weapons of war for Japan.
48
Which city had more casualties, Nagasaki or Hiroshima
Hiroshima had more deaths — + 90 000
| Nagasaki had + 60 000
49
When did Japan surrender
14 August
50
What was the age called after America dropped the atomic bombs
The nuclear age
51
What did Einstein do after the war ended
After the bombs were dropped Einstein tried to persuade world leaders to give up their nuclear weapons.
52
Why did the USA drop the bombs
* to avoid further casualties- it was argued that if the war had continued, thousands more people would have died
* to keep Stalin out of Japan and to intimidate the USSR- the USA wanted to show the USSR how much military power they had. The USA didn't want the USSR to take over Japan because that would mean that the USA would have to share the victory, like they did with Germany
* to scare Japan into surrendering -surrendering was seen as shameful.
53
Why did the USSR join the allies
Germany invaded the USSR. The USSR joined the allies, this meant that it was now allied with Britain, France and America
54
Why did the USSR, America, Britain and France fight together in WWII
They fought together because they had the same enemies- Germany, Italy and Japan
55
Why did rivalries develop between the allies
The USSR was communist and the USA was capitalist
56
Why did the countries decide not to use nuclear weapons again
They were afraid that if they did MAD (mutually assured destruction) would happen.
57
What is a Cold War
A Cold War is a war with no nuclear ( hot ) weapons. A war that isn't fought by 2 powers on a battlefield
58
Who were the most powerful counties during and after WWII.
The USSR and America were the most powerful. All the countries would either side with America or the USSR
59
What are superpowers
The USSR and the USA were the superpowers after the WWII
60
Who was the only superpower left after the Cold War ended
The USA
61
What was the arms race
The arms race was a competition, between the USSR and the USA, in which they tried to build up the most nuclear weapons
62
What does MAD stand for and what did it mean
Mutually assured destruction- if one side attacked with nuclear weapons, the other side would attack with nuclear weapons, and both sides will be destroyed.
63
Where is Cuba
Cuba is just off the coast of the North American state of Florida
64
Why is the location of Cuba important
Cuba is close to North America. The USA had missiles in turkey which is close to the USSR. The USSR wanted a place where they were in missile range of America. Cuba also had close economic ties with the USA.
65
What kind of government does Cuba have
A corrupt, oppressive and capitalist government, ruled by General Batista.
66
What were the Cubans like
Most were poor and had very little human rights
67
What was the effect of the Cubans not liking the government
The Cubans that didn't like the government formed a group to fight a guerrilla war against Batista.
68
Who were the revolutionaries led by
They were led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara
69
What happened when the government was overthrown
Fidel Castro took power and implement socialist rules. He redistributed all the land equally amongst all the Cubans. The is made the rich Cubans angry because Fidel Castro had taken land away from them and given it to the poor. The rich Cubans fled to America. Fidel Castro also nationalised all American owned businesses. He was making Cuba into a communist country.
70
How did Fidel Castro help Cuba
He tried to rid Cuba of poverty. He tried to increase the level of education and health care.
71
Who was the president at this time and why did he become alarmed
John F. Kennedy led the USA. He became worried because Cuba was becoming communist and he didn't want the USA to become communist too. Kennedy also saw that the world was in the midst of a Cold War between USA and the USSR.
72
What was the bay of pigs invasion
The rich Cubans who had fled to America wanted revenge. The rich Cubans, trained by the American army, went to regain their land. They wanted to attack the bay of pigs. The Cubans in Cuba found out about the Cuban exiles' plan and they quickly defeated them.
73
What happened after the Cuban exiles were defeated
Cuba went to the USSR for extra back up. Khrushchev, the leader of the USSR offered economic aid and weapons to Cuba.
74
What did Khrushchev want and why
He wanted to have America within missile range. He wanted to station missiles on Cuba. He wanted it because he thought it would reduce the risk of America attacking the USSR because they could send missile back. The USA had missiles stationed in Turkey and in Western Europe, close to the USSR.
75
Did Khrushchev get what he wanted
Yes, he began to quickly and secretly build missiles on Cuba.
76
How did America find out about the missiles
The USA sent spy planes. The planes photographed pictures of the missile construction sites and told the USA government about them.
77
What did America do when it found out about the missiles
The USA decided to put up a blockade of ships around Cuba.
78
What did president John F. Kennedy demand
He demanded that the missiles be removed from Cuba.
79
What negotiations were made between the USA and the USSR
The USSR agreed to remove the missiles form Cuba. The USA granted not to attack Cuba.
80
What happened after the Cold War
The space race
81
What was the space race
The space race was a race between the USSR and the USA. At first the space race had no clear goal. The USA later changed it to the first man on the moon and back to earth.
82
Who took the lead with technology
The USSR took the lead. The rockets being used were being developed to carry nuclear bombs from one country to another. The rockets were faster than aeroplanes and could carry more weight. The USSR realised that if a rocket could carry a bomb across countries , then it could also carry humans into space.
83
Who put the first satellite into space and what did the other country do about it
The USSR send a satellite into space. The Americans were shocked, they didn't know the USSR's technology was so far advanced. The USA felt inferior and scared that they would never catch up to the USSR.
84
Where was the Cold War fought besides on land
It was fought in space. The USSR had a satellite orbiting the Earth. They were able to use this satellite to take pictures of what the USA was doing.
85
Was the space race aggressive or peaceful
It was peaceful. Nobody was harmed by the other country.
86
What was the first living thing in space
The first living thing was a dog, her name was Laika. She was send into space by the Russians. She didn't make it back to earth, she died after a few hours in space for overheating and stress.
87
Who was the first human is space
A astronaut from the USSR. His name was Yuri Gagarin. He arrived back on earth safely.
88
How did the USSR and the USA act differently to each other
The USA were very open about their progress on the space race. All the achievements were openly published on television and newspaper for the wold to see. The USSR were secretive and only publicised something if it had been a success.
89
Who were the first 3 men on the moon
The fist three men on the moon were American astronauts - Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins.
90
What did this achievement say about America
It showed that America could compete in and win the Cold War.
91
What did the USSR do with their part of the German land
They took all of its resources and left it. They made east Germany communist.
92
What did the German people in east Germany do when the USSR took over
Most people in east Germany fled to west Germany because of the harsh conditions. This damaged east Germany's economy.
93
How was Berlin divided
The east of Berlin was given to the USSR
| The allies occupied west-Berlin
94
At first people in east-Berlin were aloud to cross over to West Berlin. What were some of the reasons
```
To visit family and friends
Go to the movie theatre
Go to the shops
Read the west- Berlin newspaper
They also crossed over to work.
```
95
What was put up to prevent people from crossing from east to West Berlin
The Berlin Wall - barbed wire, brick wall
96
What happened if people tried to cross illegally
There were guards at the wall and anyone who tried to cross was shot.
97
Who was the leader of the USSR at this time
Nikita Khrushchev
98
Who became the leader when the wall was broken down
Mikhail Gorbachev
99
What did Gorbachev do when the economy became inefficient
He introduced new reforms in the USSR
-> perestroika- restructuring of the USSR
-> glasnost- a policy of openness
Freedom of speech
100
What did other people around the world do when Gorbachev made the rules
All of the communist countries began to get upset and they demonstrated/rioted. It happened in east Germany too. The people in east Germany were upset because they didn't have the same freedom.
101
Who was the head of state in east Germany
Erich Honecker
102
What did the new government do
The new government made a new law to lift the one about travel restrictions.
103
What did Gorachev do when he heard about this
He didn't did anything to stop it.
104
The rule was implemented strait away. What did the people do
Thousands of people rushed to the border crossing to get across. The guards hadn't been given orders about what to do, so they kept the gates closed. Unable to control the crowns they opened the gate and they all rushed through.
105
What happened to the wall
At first the East German military tried to fix the damage that had been done, and the border remained guarded. After a while the easy German government collapsed and the wall was destroyed.
106
After WWII what were the world politics dominated by
The rivalry between the two super powers, USA and the USSR.
107
Who declared the Cold War over
Gorge H.W Bush senior, the American president. And Gorbachev- USSR president, declared the war over
108
What did Gorbachev's new rules do to the USSR
The USSR imploded. Gorbachev thought he was saving the USSR but it didn't work. The communist government came to an end
109
Where did Gorbachev and George Bush decide to end the war
The Malta Summit
