Apartheid Flashcards
what was the aim of the UNO
keep peace among the countries of the world
promote human rights
improve living conditions of the poorer parts of the world
what did the UNO write in 1948
the universal deceleration of human rights ( UDHR )
what the UDHR do
it set the the universal standards for how human beings should behave towards one another so that everyone’s dignity is respected
what are some of the human rights that we are all born with
right to education right to work right to adequate standard of living freedom of opinion and speech freedom of belief and religion.
what was happening when the UDHR was accepted at the UNO
South Africa was entering its most racist time in history.
who was in power during South Africa’s most racist time in history
the national party was in power
what did the national party do
they put into practice a policy of racial discrimination, called apartheid
what did the apartheid laws do
they denied black South Africans the basic human rights and it ignored all the rights recognised in the UDHR
did South Africa sign the UDHR
no, but they remained a member of the UNO
what did the UNO declare apartheid as
a crime against humanity
what was the apartheid ideology
it was the ideology that used skin color and other physical characteristics of South Africans to classify people into race groups.
what was the apartheid system based on
racism
what is racism
the false idea or a myth that a certain group people are better than others
what do racist people do
they divide the human race into different race groups and they believe that it is acceptable to exclude or dominate certain of these groups on the grounds of their race
what did apartheid ideology say
it said that light-skinned people were superior to dark skinned people. it was used to justify the oppression of black South Africans
what does the word apartheid mean
it means appartness in english
what were black South Africans referred to as
non-whites
what other categories were the non-whites divided into
native, bantu, coloured’s and indians
does race exist
no, it does not scientifically exist
how has apartheid effected our generation
racial categories have become part of our identities and how we think about ourselves
why did the national party not use the term african for the non-whites
African translated into afrikaans is
‘afrikaner’
what led to the formation of the UNO
the horrors of the holocaust, and the violence of the Second World War
what were afrikans called
natives or bantu
what was apartheid a continuation of
a system of racal segregation that had been used on South African’s cities and farms by whites for decades.
what gave special privileges to whites
the union of South Africa that was formed in 1910
when was the natives land act passed
in 1914
how much land were african people allowed to own
about 13%
what happened to the rest of the land
it was given to the white’s, but they were only about 20% of the population
what were the black ‘reserves’
thgey were widely scattered peices of land
what was one of the main ways african people were kept separate
the unequal access to land. it later became one of the pillars of apartheid
who else( besides africans ) were considered non-white
indians and coloureds
was there discrimination against indians and coloureds
yes, but they were not as disadvantaged as black africans
what were some other racial segregation laws
- black South Africans were not allowed to vote
- people living n towns and cities had to live in separate suburbs and townships, according to skin colour
- africans in the cities where only allowed to stay as long as their labour was needed by whites.
- the job colour bar gave white people jobs rather than black people, and a white person was paid more for doing the same job as a black person. a white skin was a better recommendation for a job than ability
when did the apartheid government officially come to an end
in 1994
what are ‘born frees’
they are babies born after apartheid ended
how many laws did the national party pass
14 apartheid laws
what was the aim of the apartheid laws
increase the power and living standards of whites
increase the separation of ‘races’
control the movement of black people
how did apartheid effects white and black people’s lives
white people’s lives became better, while black people experienced more hardship
what did the main apartheid laws do
they controlled who had power, who could vote, where people lived, worked and were educated. they were also to reserve the best of the resources and amenities for whites
what were the main apartheid laws
separate amenities act the suppression of communism act and the terrorism act bantu education act bantu self government act population registration act 'passes' act group areas act prohibition of mixed marriages and the immorality act
what was the separate amenities act
beaches, parks, toilets and nearly all public amenities were segregated. the best amenities were reserved for whites
what was the suppression of communism act and the terrorism act
this law banned any political organization that the national party did not like, by calling them communist or terrorist. people were arrested, detained and tortured without trial under this act
what was the bantu education act
this allowed black children to receive an inferior education
what was the bantu self government act
it set up a system of ‘homelands’ or ‘Bantustans’ for Africans
what was the population registration act
it classified all South Africans into Europeans ( whites ), coloureds, Indians and africans
what was the passes act
all african men had to carry ‘ reference’ books or ‘pass’ books. passes where used to control the movement of african male workers between rural and urban areas
what was the prohibition of mixed marriages act and the immorality act
these laws forbade marriages between blacks and whites, and made it illegal for black and white people to have sexual relations with each other.
what happened when a black person was living in a white area
they were removed immediately and moved to a place set aside for black occupation
where were the suburbs for the white people
they were near the business parts of the cities
what was the forced removal of the people of Sophiatown and example of
how the group areas act destroyed a community
where was Sophiatown situated
near the center of the city of Johannesburg.
what was Sophiatown
a racially mixed suburb that was home to about 70 000 people, most of the africans
were the residents of Sophiatown aware that parts were a slum
yes, it was a suburb of contadictions: on one hand, it was dirty and overpoulated, on the other hand it was home to a developing urban black culture. it was vibrant and full of activity and excitement
what did the residents do when the apartheid government made plans for the destruction for Sophiatown
residents and political activists, protested against the removal
what does the ANC stand for
african national congress
what did the ANC do about the destruction of Sophiatown
they led and anti-removal campaign and they held public rallies which attracted thousands of people
what was the slogan of the ANC’s anti-removal campaign
” ons dak nie, ons phola hier “ ( we wont move, we live here )
did the campaign work
no, in 1955, 2000 armed policemen began to move the community of Sophiatown out of their homes
where were the people of Sophiatown moved once they had been removed
to the newly constructed township of meadowlands in Soweto
where were the coloureds moved
to Eldorado park
where were the indians moved to
lenasia
where were the Chinese moved to
central Johannesburg
who developed the principles of separation of the races even further
the prime minister, Dr. H F Verwoerd
what was a Bantustan
a negative word used for the reserves where black people were meant to me citizens
how many homelands were there
ten
how were the people divided into the homelands
by the language they spoke
what did Verwoerd say the homelands were
that they were separate and independent ‘countries’. that africans would have full political rights in the homelands
what were the people allowed to do in the homelands
they were allowed to vote for their own rulers. they would develop separately from the whites
how many people were moved and why
about 3 and a half million people, because they were living on land declared for whites
what was the governments aim in creating the Bantustans
they wanted to show the world that it was a democratic country in which all its citizens had a right to vote. they hoped to use the principle of’ divide and rule’ to prevent the growth of african nationalism
did the rest of the world buy into what the apartheid government was wanting them to see
no, no international community recognized that the homelands were separate and independent countries
what happened when people were forced to move
they not only lost their land, but they were also unable to make a living in the Bantustans. they were poverty stricken
what faculties did the Bantustans lack
cliinics, schools, libraries, sports stadia and there were no jobs in the area
what happened to families as a result of the Bantustans
families were spilt apart because the males had to go to white cities to look for work. the men were not allowed to stay in the white cities, they had to return to the reserves every few months
where did men live when they worked in the white cities
in workers’ hostels, or in african townships, under poor condition.
