Term 1 End of Topic-States of Matter Flashcards
Solid particle arrangement
Packed neatly and tightly together in a regular pattern due to attractive forces
Solid particle movement
Held together too tightly for the particles to change places but can vibrate
Solid particle energy
Lowest amount of energy of the states of matter
Liquid particle arrangement
The particles in a liquid are loosely arranged which means they do not have a fixed shape like solids, but they rather take the shape of the container they are in
Liquid particle movement
In liquids, particles are quite close together and move with random motion throughout the container. Particles move rapidly in all directions but collide with each other more frequently than in gases due to shorter distances between particles.
Liquid particle energy
The speed at which the particles move around inside the liquid depends on the energy of the particles.
Gas particle arrangement
Well separated with no regular arrangement
Gas particle movement
The particles in a gas are moving very quickly in random directions
Gas particle energy
Greatest amount of energy amongst the particles
Interconversion
Name for state of matter changes
Melting (Solid to Liquid)
When the molecules of a solid are heated enough and speed up enough that the motion overcomes the attractions so that the molecules can move past each other as a liquid.
Evaporation (Liquid to Gas)
The liquid is heated and the particles gain heat energy and move quicker. This keeps happening until the particles on the surface break free as a gas
Condensation (Gas to Liquid)
Reverse of evaporation
Freezing (Liquid to Solid)
The liquid is cooled and the heat it had is used to repair the bonds to liquid???
Effect of impurities on melting and boiling point on a solid.
The more impurities there are the lower the melting point of the solid
Endothermic Reaction
A reaction that absorbs heat
Exothermic Reaction
A reaction that releases heat
Difference between Evaporation and Boiling
. Boiling is faster
. Unlike evaporation which is only active on the surface of liquids, boiling can occur in any location of the liquid (which is why bubbles form in a boiling liquid)
. Evaporation takes place at any temperature (if it is high enough), whereas boiling occurs at a fixed temperature
Why does the temperature not change when a heated liquid starts boiling?
The heat energy being applied is being used to break the bonds of the liquid and turn the liquid into free gas particles
Brownian Motion
Brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid (a liquid or a gas) resulting from their collision with the fast-moving atoms or molecules in the gas or liquid.
Diffusion
The natural movement of fluid substances without any outside influence. The particles move in a randomly due to frequent collisions with other particles. The particles. Particles spread out from where there are lots of them (high concentration)
to areas where there are few of them (low concentration). This continues until the particles are evenly distributed (but the particles do continue to move)
