Tercer bloque: Obstructive lung diseases Flashcards
FRC:
Funcional residual capacity
RV:
Residual volume
TLC:
Total lung capacity
FEV:
Functional expiratory volume
FVC:
Functional volume capacity
Effect of air trapping on the lungs over lung’s ratio
Increased FRC, RV and TLC
Effect of closure of airways over lung’s ratios
Decreased FEV and FVC
Compliance
Refers to the ability of the lungs to stretch and expand
Elastance:
Ability of a stretched object to return to its resting position
CPOD
Chronic pulmonary obstructive disease
3 most common causes of CPOD
Chronic bronchitis, emphysema and alfa 1-anti tripsin (A1AT) deficiency
Is the most common cause of mucosal/tissue hyperplasia
Smoking
Criteria of chronic bronchitis
Productive cough >/= 3 months in a year for >2 consecutive years
Chronic bronchitis:
Long-Term inflammation of the bronchi
COPD obstructs the air ___
Flow out
Centriacinar emphysema:
Disease thar affects respiratory bronchioles while sparing distal alveoli
Most common affected pulmonar lobes in centriacinar emphysema
Upper lobes
4 main signs of chronic bronchitis
- Hypoxemia
- Dyspnea
- CO2 retention (blue bloaters)
- Polycythemia
Main characteristic of emphysema
Destruction of the alveolar walls without fibrosis causing a loss of elastic tissue, and therefore, a loss of O2 absorption
2 types of emphysema
- Centriacinar
- Panacinar
6 sings of enphysema
- Dyspnea
- Cough (less sputum than chronic bronchitis)
- Hyperventilation (Puffers)(maintains O2 levels at start)
- Expiration is prolonged through pursed lips (á airway pressure and prevents airway collapse)
- Weight loss
- Barrel chest
A1AT:
Is a protein made by the liver
Function of A1AT
Keeps the balance of proteases in lung
