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Segundo bloque: headaches Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of headache

A

Primary and secondary

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2
Q

Is the most common type of headache

A

Secondary

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3
Q

Main comorbid medical diseases when evaluating a headache

A

HTN, pregnancy, depression, infection and cancer

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4
Q

3 most common headache disorders

A

Migraine, trigeminal cefalgia and tension type

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5
Q

3 main signs of migraine

A

Puounding, incapacitating and nausea (PIN)

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6
Q

Incidence of infrecuent tension type headache

A

Less than once per month

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7
Q

Incidence of frecuent tension type headache

A

1 to 14 days per month

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8
Q

Incidence of chronic tension type headache

A

> 14 days per month

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9
Q

2 main signs of trigeminal cephalgia

A

Short-lived attacs and unilateral pain

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10
Q

Is the most common subtype of trigeminal cephalgia

A

Clusters headache

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11
Q

Tests to Dx a secondary cause of migraine headache

A

Imaging TC/MRI or a lumbar punction

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12
Q

Duration of migraine headache

A

4-72hrs

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13
Q

Pharms used in prophylaxis migraine headache Tx

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

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14
Q

What is the migrain cocktail made of?

A

Dopamine antagonists such as:

  • Metoclopramide
  • Diphenhydramine
  • IV liquids
  • NSAID’s
  • Paracetamol
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15
Q

What is the ergotamine?

A

Pharm that works in conjunction with caffeine to prevent blood vessels from expanding causing headaches

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16
Q

Pharm used to treat migraine in pregnancy

A

Sumatriptan

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17
Q

What is the tensional headache?

A

Pain pressure related to muscular tension around the back of the neck inferiorly to the head. Sometimes related to depression and anxiety

18
Q

5 main Tx for Tensional headache

A
  • NSAID’s/paracetamol
  • Cervical massage
  • Muscular relaxants
  • Anxiolytics and antidepressants
  • Quit caffeine
19
Q

What is the cluster headache?

A

Sudden and acute unilateral ocular pain

20
Q

4 main causes of cluster headache

A
  • Ipsilateral tearing
  • Rhinorrhea
  • Nasal congestion
  • Horner Sx in the 30% of the Px
21
Q

4 main cluster headache Tx

A
  • 100% O2 Inhalation
  • Ca2+ Channel blockers
  • Lithium
  • SC Sumatriptan (reduce 5-HT release)
22
Q

When we’re trying to Dx meningitis, we have to ask for:

A
  • Recent travel
  • Immunosuppresses
  • Recent Qx
  • Head trauma
23
Q

Meningitis etiology

A
  • Bacteria: <1 day
  • Viral: 1-7 days
  • Mycotic: > one week
24
Q

4 sings of bacterial meningitis

A
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Neck rigidity
  • Disease looking
25
4 sings of viral meningitis
* Headache * Fever * Photophobia
26
2 sings of mycotic/TB meningitis
* Low grade fever * Not intentional lossof weight
27
3 main causes of meningitis in lactants
* E coli * Listeria monocytogenes * Group B strep. (agalcite and pyogenes)
28
3 main causes of meningitis in pediatric Px (3 moths to 15 years old)
* Pneumonia * N. meningitides (meningococcus) * H. influenza (no vaccinated kids)
29
3 main causes of meningitis in adults (from 18 to 50 years old)
* S. pneumonia * N. memningitides * Listeria (immunocompromised)
30
Is a consequence of a lesion of the vascular epithelium of the brain
More permeability of the blood-brain-berrier. This may take some WBC and inflamatory mediators to the nervous tissue causing cerebral edema and vasculitis
31
Brudszinski's sign:
Passive flexion of the neck that causes the flexion of the knees
32
Kernig’s sign
inability to extend the knees when the hip is flexed
33
What is the Tumbler test?
A test to know if the Px has meningitis, if you can see the scabs through the glass of water pressed against the patient's skin, it means they have meningitis
34
In a lumbar puncture related to a meningitis, what does it mean to find high concentrations of leucocytes and PMN?
Bacterial infection
35
In a lumbar puncture related to a meningitis, what does it mean to find high concentrations of Leucocytes/ Lymphocytes and a bit low but abnormal monocytes?
Viral infection
36
How's the glycemia in meningitis?
Low
37
3 main Tx in meningitis
* Antibiotics if necessary * Ciprofloxacin- Oral or IM * Ceftriaxone- Oral or IM * Acyclovir in case of HSV * Dexamethasone
38
What is the trigeminal neuralgia?
A sudden unilateral pain with sensitive loss of CN V, it can involve CN V1, 2 and 3
39
5 symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia
* Facial spasm * Neurological examination normal * Tear drop * Mouth spasm * Mastication problems
40
Trigeminal neuralgia Tx
* Carbamazepine * Dexamethazone/Predniosne

Inglés (12 decks)

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