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Boards Pharm 00: Misc > Teratogens and Their Effects > Flashcards

Teratogens and Their Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Most vulnerable period for Teratogens

A

3rd-8th weeks

  • Embryonic period –> Organogenesis
  • Prior to week 3 get an all or none effect
  • After week 8 growth and function are affected
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2
Q

Teratogenicity of ACE Inhibitors

A
  • Renal damage
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3
Q

Teratogenicity of Alkylating Agents

A
  • Absence of digits
  • Multiple anomalies
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4
Q

Teratogenicity of Aminoglycosides

A
  • CN VIII toxicity

“A MEAN GUY hit the baby in the EAR”

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5
Q

Teratogenicity of Cabamazepine

A
  • Neural tube defects
  • Craniofacial defects
  • Fingernail hypoplasia
  • Developmental delay
  • IUGR
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6
Q

Teratogenicity of Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

A
  • Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma
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7
Q

Teratogenicity of Folate Antagonists

A
  • Neural tube defects
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8
Q

Teratogenicity of Lithium

A
  • Ebstein’s anomaly - atrialized right ventricle
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9
Q

Teratogenicity of Phenytoin

A
  • Fetal hydantoin syndrome - microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features (cleft lip/palate), hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, mental retardation
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10
Q

Teratogenicity of Tetracyclines

A
  • Discolored teeth
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11
Q

Teratogenicity of Thalidomide

A
  • Limb defects - flipper limbs

“LIMB defects with tha-LIMB-domide”

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12
Q

Teratogenicity of Valproate

A
  • Inhibition of maternal folate absorption –> neural tube defects (Meningocele)
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13
Q

Teratogenicity of Warfarin

A
  • Bone deformities
  • Fetal hemorrhage
  • Abortion
  • Ophthalmologic abnormalities

“do not wage WARFARE on the baby; keep it HEPPY with HEParin (does not cross the placenta”

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14
Q

Teratogenicity of Alcohol

A
  • Leading cause of birth defects and mental retardation
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome
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15
Q

Teratogenicity of Cocaine

A
  • Abnormal fetal development and fetal addiction
  • Placental abruption
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16
Q

Teratogenicity of Smoking

A
  • Preterm labor
  • Placental problems
  • IUGR
  • ADHD
17
Q

Teratogenicity of Iodide

A

From lack or excess

  • Congenital goiter
  • Hypothyroidism
18
Q

Teratogenicity of Maternal Diabetes

A
  • Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia)
  • Congenital heart defects
  • Neural tuve defects
19
Q

Teratogenicity of Vitamin A Excess

A
  • Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)
20
Q

Teratogenicity of X-rays

A
  • Microcephaly
  • Mental retardation

Boards Pharm 00: Misc (5 decks)

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