Teratogens

Question 1

Aklylating agents

Answer 1

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

Question 2

Aminoglycosides

Answer 2

CN VIII toxicity

Question 3

Carbamazepine

Answer 3

neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, intrauterine growth restriction

Question 4

Diethylstilbesterol (DES)

Answer 4

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies

Question 5

Folate antagonists

Answer 5

Neural tube defects

Question 6

Lithium

Answer 6

Ebstein anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)

Question 7

Methimazole

Answer 7

Aplasia cutis congenita

Question 8

Phenytoin

Answer 8

fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phlanges, cardiac defects, Intrauterine growth restriction, intellectual disability

Question 9

Tetracyclines

Answer 9

discolored teeth

Question 10

Thalidomide

Answer 10

Limb defects

Question 11

Valproate

Answer 11

Inhibition of maternal folate absorption leading to neural tube defects

Question 12

Warfarin

Answer 12

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion opthalmologic abnormalties

Question 13

Alcohol

Answer 13

intellectual disability

Fetal alcohol syndrome: pre and postnatal developmental retardation, microcephaly, holoprosencephaly, facial abnormalities: smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures, hypertelorism (increased space between eyes), limb dislocation, and heart defects

Question 14

Cocaine

Answer 14

Abnormal fetal growth and fetal addiction

Placental abruption

Question 15

Smoking (nicotine/CO)

Answer 15

Leading cause of low birth weight in developed countries

Associated with preterm labor

Placental problems, intrauterine growth restriction, ADHD

Question 16

Iodine (lack or excess)

Answer 16

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism

Question 17

Maternal diabetes

Answer 17

Caudal regression syndrome: anal atresia to sirenomelia (legs fused together)-agenesis of sacrum and lumbar spine-paralysis of legs, dorsiflexed contractures of feet, urinary incontinence

congenital heart defects (transposition of great vessels), neural tube defects

Transient hypoglycemia in infant (due to Beta cell hyperplasia), Polycythemia and hyperviscocity

Macrosomia (increased fat deposition and enhanced fetal growth)

Question 18

Vitamin A excess

Answer 18

Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)

Question 19

X- Rays

Answer 19

Microcephaly, intellectual disability

Question 20

ACE inhibitors

Answer 20

Renal damage