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Step 1 Drugs > Antidotes > Flashcards

Antidotes Flashcards

1
Q

AChE inhibitors, organophosphates

A

Atropine followed by pralidoxime

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2
Q

Amphetamines overdose

A

NH4CL (acidfies urine)

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3
Q

Antimuscarininc, anticholinergic agent overdose (Atropine)

A 
Physostigmine salicylate (works both peripherally and centrally), control hyperthermia
Common in elderly
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4
Q

Benzodiazepines overdose

A

Flumazenil

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5
Q

B-Blockers overdose

A

Glucagon (acts on Gs and increases intracellular cAMP)

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6
Q

Carbon Monoxide poisoning

A

100% O2, hyperbarid O2

Blocks complex 4 in ETC

Decreasing proton gradient

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7
Q

Copper poisoning

A

Penicillamine or trientine

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8
Q

Arsenic poisoining

A

pencillamine
Dimercaprol depletes aresenic from sulfhydryl groups of enzymes (low therapeutic index can lead to nephrotoxicity and hypertension)
Succimer

Aresenic inhibits lipoic acid (cofactor for a ketodehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase)-vomiting, rice water stools and garlic breath

Causes 0 net ATP in glycolysis

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9
Q

Gold poisoning

A

Pencillamine
Dimercaprol (low therapeutic index can lead to nephrotoxicity and hypertension)
succimer

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10
Q

Cyanide poisoining

A

Can be due to nitroprusside overdose

Nitrite+thiosulfate,
hydroxocobalamin (directly binds to cyanide)

Cyanide inhibits cytochrome a-a3 complex in ETC inhibiting aerobic metabolism-decreases proton gradient

Cyanide normally broken down by rhodanese a sulfur donor that converts cyanide to thiocyanate which can be excreted in the urine

Nitrite increase methemoglobin which cannot bind oxygen but has an increased affinity for cyanide therefore cyanide is sequestered in blood away from mitochondria

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11
Q

Digitalis overdose

A

Anti-dig Fab fragments

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12
Q

Heparin overdose

A

Protamine sulfate

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13
Q

Iron toxicity

A

Deferoxamine, deferasirox

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14
Q

Lead poisoining

A

EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, pencillamine

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15
Q

Mercury poisoning

A

Dimercaprol (low therapeutic index can lead to nephrotoxicity and hypertension)
Succimer

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16
Q

Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning

A

Fomepizole>ethanol, dialysis

Fomepizole inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

17
Q

Methemoglobin toxicity

A

Methylene blue, vitamin C

18
Q

Opioids overdose

19
Q

Salicylates overdose

A

NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis

20
Q

TCAs overdose

A

NaHCO3 (plasma alkalinization)

21
Q

tPA, streptokinase, urokinase overdose

A

Aminocaproic acid

22
Q

Warfarin overdose

A

Vitamin K, plasma (if active bleeding)

23
Q

Rodenticides (brodifarium)

A

decrease Vitamin K therefore give IV fresh frozen plasma and Vitamin K

24
Q

Acetaminophen overdose

A

N-acetylcystein (replenishes glutathione)

Also provides sulfylhydryl groups to enhance the non toxic sulfation elimination of acetaminophen

25
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Cryproheptadine

5HT receptor antagonist

26
Q

Dexrazoxane

A

Prevents doxorubicin dilated cardiomyopathy by chelating iron decreasing formation of O2 free radicals

27
Q

Amifostone

A

Prevents cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity

Free radical scavenger

28
Q

Leucorvin

A

“Folinic acid”

Reverses methotrexate myelosuppression because it does not require DHF reductase to be converted to THF

29
Q

Mesna

A

Partially prevents Hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide by binding to acrolein which is toxic to uroepithelial cells

30
Q

NE extravasation

A

Causes a1 receptor vasoconstriction

Treat with phentolamine mesylate an a receptor blocker

31
Q

Rotenone

A

Blocks Complex 1 in ETC (NADH to NAD+)

Decreased proton gradient

32
Q

Antimycin A

A

Blocks Complex 3 in ETC

Decreased proton gradient

33
Q

Oligomycin

A

Inhibits ATP synthase

increased proton gradient

34
Q

2,4 Dinitrophenol

A

Used illicilty for weight loss

Increases permeability of membrane causing decreased proton gradient and increased O2 consumption

ETC produces heat not ATP

35
Q

Calcium channel blocker toxicity

Step 1 Drugs (15 decks)

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