Teratogens Flashcards
ACE inhibitors
Renal damage
Alkylating agents
Absence of digits
Aminoglycosides
CN VIII toxicity
Carbamazepine
NTDs, fingernail hyperplasia
DES
Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma
Folate antagonists
NTDs
Isotretinoin
Multiple severe birth defects, spontaneous abortions
Lithium
Ebstein anomaly (apical displacement of triscupid valve, decreased RV volume, and atrialization of RV)
Methimazole
Aplasia cutis congenita
Phenytoin
Fetal hydantoin syndrome (cleft palate, cardiac defects, phalanx/fingernail hypoplasia)
Tetracyclines
Discolored teeth
Thalidomide
Limb defects
Valproate
NTDs
Warfarin
Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion
Cocaine
Fetal addiction, placental abruption
Smoking
Low birth weight, preterm labor, placental problems
Iodine (lack or excess)
Cretinism
Maternal diabetes
Sacral agenesis (caudal regression syndrome - lower extremity paralysis and urinary incontinence), transposition of great vessels, NTDs, transient fetal hypoglycemia
X-rays
Microcephaly, intellectual disability
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Intellectual disability (leading cause) – microcephaly, facial abnormlaities, limb dislocation, heart defects, heart/lung fistulas, holoprosencephaly —- FAILURE OF CELL MIGRATION
