Teratogens

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

Renal damage

Question 2

Alkylating agents

Answer 2

Absence of digits

Question 3

Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

CN VIII toxicity

Question 4

Carbamazepine

Answer 4

NTDs, fingernail hyperplasia

Question 5

DES

Answer 5

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma

Question 6

Folate antagonists

Answer 6

NTDs

Question 7

Isotretinoin

Answer 7

Multiple severe birth defects, spontaneous abortions

Question 8

Lithium

Answer 8

Ebstein anomaly (apical displacement of triscupid valve, decreased RV volume, and atrialization of RV)

Question 9

Methimazole

Answer 9

Aplasia cutis congenita

Question 10

Phenytoin

Answer 10

Fetal hydantoin syndrome (cleft palate, cardiac defects, phalanx/fingernail hypoplasia)

Question 11

Tetracyclines

Answer 11

Discolored teeth

Question 12

Thalidomide

Answer 12

Limb defects

Question 13

Valproate

Answer 13

NTDs

Question 14

Warfarin

Answer 14

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion

Question 15

Cocaine

Answer 15

Fetal addiction, placental abruption

Question 16

Smoking

Answer 16

Low birth weight, preterm labor, placental problems

Question 17

Iodine (lack or excess)

Answer 17

Cretinism

Question 18

Maternal diabetes

Answer 18

Sacral agenesis (caudal regression syndrome - lower extremity paralysis and urinary incontinence), transposition of great vessels, NTDs, transient fetal hypoglycemia

Question 19

X-rays

Answer 19

Microcephaly, intellectual disability

Question 20

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 20

Intellectual disability (leading cause) – microcephaly, facial abnormlaities, limb dislocation, heart defects, heart/lung fistulas, holoprosencephaly —- FAILURE OF CELL MIGRATION