Teratogens Flashcards
Effect of alkylation agents
Absence of digits; multiple anomalies
Effect of ACEIs
Renal damage
Effect of aminoglycosides
CN VIII toxicity
Effect of carbamazepine
Cleft lip/palate; spins bifida; fingernail hypoplasia; development delay; intrauterine growth retardation
Effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma
Effect of folate antagonists
Spins bifida
Effect of lithium
Ebstein’s anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)
Effect of phenytoin
Fetal hydrantoin syndrome - microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features (cleft lip/palate), hypoplasia nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, intrauterine growth retardation, mental retardation
Effect of tetracyclines
Discolored teeth
Effect of thalidomide
Limb defects (flipper limb)
Effect of valproate acid
Spins bifida - inhibition of maternal folate absorption –> neural tube defects
Effect of warfarin
Bone deformities; fetal hemorrhage; abortion; ophthalmologic abnormalities
Effect of alcohol
Fetal alcohol syndrome - mental retardation, pre- and postnatal developmental retardation, holoprosencephaly, limb dislocation, and heart and lung fistulas
Effect of cocaine
Abnormal development and fetal addiction; placental abruption; low birthweight; preterm labor
Effect of smoking
Placental problems; intrauterine growth retardation; preterm labor; ADHD
Effect of deficient or excess iodine
Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)
Effect of maternal diabetes
Macrosomia (baby is large; at risk for hypoglycemia); caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia); congenital hear defects (esp. D-transposition of great vessels); neural tube defects
Effect of excess vitamin A
Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate; cardiac abnormalities)
Effect of X-rays
Microcephaly; mental retardation
