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Repro > Teratogens > Flashcards

Teratogens Flashcards

1
Q

What medications are teratogens?

A 
AAA CD FLP TT VW
ACE inhibitors
Alkylating agents
Aminogylcosides
Carbamazepine
DES
Folate antagonists
Lithium
Phenytoin
Tetracyclines
Thalidomide
Valproic acid
Warfarin
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2
Q

What are the effects of ACE inhibitors on a fetus?

A

Renal damage

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3
Q

What are the effects of alkylating agents on a fetus?

A

Absence of digits

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4
Q

What are the effects of Aminogylcosides on a fetus?

A

CN VIII toxicity (A mean guy hit a baby in the ear)

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5
Q

What are the effects of carbamazepine on a fetus?

A

NTD, Craniofacial, IUGR, Fingernail hypoplasia, devo delay

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6
Q

What are the effects of DES on the fetus?

A

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, Mullerian abnormalities

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7
Q

What are the effects of folate antagonists on the fetus?

A

NTD

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8
Q

What are the effects of lithium on the fetus?

A

Ebstein’s anomaly-> messed up tricuspid and atrialized RV

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9
Q

What are the effects of phenytoin on a fetus?

A 
Phenytoin rhymes with fetal hydantoin.
Microcephaly
Craniofacial
Fingernail hypoplasia
Hypoplastic distal phalanges
Cardiac defects
IUGR
MR
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10
Q

What are the effects of Tetracyclines on a fetus? But first of all name the tetracyclines!

A

Tetracyclines- tetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline, minocycline

Discolored teeth (be aware that main SE in adults is photosensativity!!)

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11
Q

What are the effects of thalidomide on a fetus?

A

Phocomelia -> flipper arms and feet

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12
Q

What are the effects of valproic acid on a fetus?

A

NTD (inhibits maternal folate absorption)

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13
Q

What are the effects of warfarin on a fetus?

A

Bone and Eye abnormalities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion

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14
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of Fetal Alcohol syndrome (FAS)?

A

Alcohol inhibits cell migration in the fetus.
MR, holoprosencephaly (SHH gene), limb dislocation, heart and lung fistulas (VSD -> vodka sipping defect!!!)
Facial features- Elongated philtrum (vertical groove in the middle area of the upper lip), flattening of nasal bridge (bony part of the nose, overlying the nasal bones), low set ears, prominent epicanthal folds (medial corners of the eyes)

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15
Q

What are the effects of cocaine on a fetus?

A

Cocaine vasoconstricts -> IUGR

Placental abruption

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16
Q

What are the effects of smoking (nicotine, CO) on a fetus?

A

Vasoconstriction -> IUGR, ADHD, preterm labor

17
Q

What are the effects of excess or lack of iodide on a fetus?

A

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism

18
Q

What are the effects of maternal diabetes on a fetus?

A

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), transposition of the great arteries, neural tube defects

19
Q

What are the effects of Vitamin A excess on a fetus?

A

Spontaneous abortions
Cleft lip
Cardiac abnormalities

Vit A alters HOX gene expression

20
Q

What are the effects of Xrays on a fetus?

A

Microcephaly, MR

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